Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sociological Theory > Sociological Theory > Flashcards

Sociological Theory Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Macro Level of Analysis

A

Analytical level of analysis on large-scale social structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Micro Level of Analysis

A

Analytical focus on small-scale, interpersonal, and small group interaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Utilitarianism Thesis

A

Idea from classical economics that individuals are rational, self-interested actors who evaluate alternative courses of action on the basis of their usefulness or resource to value them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Emancipatory Knowledge

A

The use of sociological knowledge to dance social equality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Empiricism

A

Use of evidence or data in describing and analyzing society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enlightenment

A

Rejection of non-rational beliefs and forms of social organization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Objectivity

A

Positivist idea (Comte) that sociology can provide an objective analysis of a directly observable and measurable, objective social reality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Positivist

A

The idea that sociology as a science is able to employ the same scientific method of investigation and explanation used in the natural sciences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

Sociology as the scientific study of morals and manners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alexis De Tocqueville

A

Disagrees with Martineau’s views.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Capitalist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proletariat

A

Working Class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dialectical Materialism

A

Idea that historical change comes from the result of conscious human activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Communism

A

Division of labor, private property, and profit don’t exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wage Labor

A

Proletariat work pays for Bourgeoisie reward. Make products at a low wage that are then sold at a high profit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Surplus Value

A

The value of a product that is being sold after paying off wage workers for making it (Capitalist profit from difference between workers exchange (wage) and the (use value).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Division of Labor and Alienation

A

The low wage workers do the work to produce the product but are alienated from the product afterwards (Make it for capitalist bosses who benefit from the product).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Objectification (or Alienation)

A

Dehumanization of wage workers as machine like objects, (with low wages) is necessary for the production and profits for capitalists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Products produced
Within the production process
Workers from their species being
Individuals from one another

A

Four Types of Alienation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ideology

A

Ideas in everyday circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

False Consciousness

A

The embrace of the illusionary promises of capitalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Means of Production

A

Resources owned by bourgeoisie and used for production of profit as a result of the labor power of the wage workers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Commodification of Labor

A

Process by which, like manufactured commodities, wage-workers labor power is exchanged and traded on the market for a price.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Social Fact

Study These Flashcards
A

They can be studied objectively, their objective manifestations can be observed and indicators of a thing can be substituted when that phenomenon itself cannot be observed.

25
Mechanical Solidarity
Social bonds and cohesion resulting from the overlapping social ties that characterize traditional societies.
26
Organic Solidarity
Social cohesion from interdependence rather than sameness.
27
Social Integration
Degree to which individuals and groups are attached to society.
28
Social Solidarity
Social cohesion resulting from shared social ties, bonds, interdependence.
29
Altruistic
Produced under societal conditions in which individuals are excessively tied to the society; over-attachment to social groups. Ex: Japanese Society
30
Egoistic
Societal conditions with a high emphasis on individualism; self-oriented achievement. Ex: Detaching from society
31
Anomic
Produced by societal conditions of upheaval, rootlessness. | Ex: Terrorist Attack
32
Fatalistic
Is a result of excessive regulation. | Ex: Slaves
33
Theory
“The body of concepts and conceptual frameworks used to make sense of the multilayered, empirical patterns and underlying processes in society.”
34
Deductive Reasoning
Is a method of inquiry in which a theory is accepted or rejected by empirically testing hypotheses deduced from it.
35
Inductive Reasoning
Is a process by which a theory is derived by observation of empirical evidence.
36
Scientific Revolution Industrial Revolution French Revolution
Three Revolutions
37
Hobbes
Human beings are selfish, power hungry, competitive, calculative, and if they were to be left free there will be anarchy. But they are also rational beings, which is why they are willing to adopt authoritarian rule (or government regulation) to maintain social order.
38
Locke
Human beings are social and cooperative. In the state of nature (i.e. before the formation of a civil society) they were enjoying a ‘state of perfect freedom’ and a ‘state of perfect equality’. Just like Hobbes, Locke saw individual also as a rational being, which prompts them to unite and form a civil society in order to secure their ‘liberty and property’.
39
Rousseau
Human beings are not bad by nature, it is the society that corrupts the individual. The emergence of ‘private property’ ruined the state of nature and introduced mankind to war and conflict, which necessitated a social contract to form civil society.
40
``` Astronomy | Physics | Chemistry | Study of Society (Sociology) ```
Saint Simon Progress/Evolution of Sciences
41
Public Works Free Education Uplifting Recreation
Welfare State
42
``` Mathematics | Astronomy | Physics | Chemistry | Physiology (Biology) | Social Physics (Sociology) ```
August Comte Hierarchy of Sciences
43
Observation Experiment Comparison Historical Analysis
Four Methodological Parameters
44
Social Statics
Focusing on social structures.
45
Social Dynamics
Looks at historical progression of societies.
46
Theological or Fictitious Stage Metaphysical or Abstract Stage Scientific or Positive Stage
Law of Human Progress (Three Stages)
47
Neoliberalism
A global economic and ideological campaign to privatize public goods reduce tariffs, taxes, and other hindrances for international trade capital mobility shrink public investments commit to free markets and enforce austerity measures to control inflation.
48
Commodity
Is a product exchanged in a market, appears to be a simple thing that is easily understood, but in actuality, it is subtle, complex, and opaque with a dual nature.
49
Use-Value
Is based on its quality; for example, a coat that protects from the cold.
50
Exchange-Value
It cannot be reduced to the qualities that define their use. It must instead be based on some measurable quantity that is common to them.
51
Laissez Faire
Instruction to the aristocracy to keep their hands off if the political process so that people could realize the fruits of their own labor and be left free to pursue a more egalitarian society.
52
Surplus Value
The difference between the amount of value workers produce and the amount of value they purchase with their wages.
53
Virtual Value Chain
The power to digitally reproduce commodities.
54
Valorization of Capital
M - C - M, Using money (M) to buy commodities (C) and then selling those commodities to wind up with more money (M) than one had at the beginning of the process.
55
The absence of Regulation is Anomie. | The absence of Integration is Egoism.
Two Levels of Socialization (Regulation; Integration)
56
Defining Rules of Conduct Communicating and Clarifying Rules of Conduct Enforcing Rules of Conduct
Mechanisms of Regulation
57
Celebrating Rituals Engaging in Gift Exchange Building Communities of Memory
Mechanisms of Integration
58
Mechanical Societies | Organic Societies
Durkheim’s Two Types of Society

Sociological Theory (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions