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Linguistics 102 > Sociolinguistics - General > Flashcards

Sociolinguistics - General Flashcards

1
Q

how a language is structured OR the knowledge that native speakers implicitly have about the structure of their own language (sound patterns, word formation rules, syntax rules)

A

grammar

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2
Q

when political, historical, geographic etc. situations play a role in determining whether a group of people speak a dialect or a language

A

non-linguistic criteria

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3
Q

changing from one language to another when speaking

A

codeswitching

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4
Q

the gradual merging of one regional variety of a language into another

A

dialect continuum

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5
Q

positive value placed upon a particular language or features of a language

A

language prestige

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6
Q

a way of speaking that is either formal (careful) OR informal (casual)

A

speech style

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7
Q

a line representing a set of isoglosses; used to separate one dialect area from another

A

dialect boundary

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8
Q

language varieties contrast/differ most noticeably in this part of language

A

vocabulary

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9
Q

making decisions about people based on the variety of language they speak

A

language profiling

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10
Q

a social dialect with low prestige spoken by a lower-status group, with marked differences from the standard language

A

vernacular

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11
Q

a line on a map separating two areas in which a particular linguistic feature is significantly different; they are used in the study of dialects

A

isogloss

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12
Q

when language itself plays a role in determining whether a group of people speak a dialect or a language

A

linguistic criteria

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13
Q

the variety of a language treated as the official language by a country and used in public broadcasting, publishing, and education

A

standard language

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14
Q

a conventional way of using language that is appropriate in a specific situation, occupation, or topic, characterized by the use of special jargon

A

register

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15
Q

the ability to speak two dialects

A

bidialectism

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16
Q

the specialized words or vocabulary used by people within a particular group

A

jargon

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17
Q

the view that there is a right and a wrong way to speak a language and that there are certain correct forms that should be used

A

prescriptivism

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18
Q

a continuum of mutually intelligible dialects

A

language

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19
Q

any language variety associated with a particular region or social group; a dialect is a continuum of idiolects

A

dialect

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20
Q

the personal dialect of an individual speaker

A

idiolect

21
Q

words or expressions typically used in informal communication

A

slang

22
Q

status based on social and economic characteristics such as income, job, level of education, and other factors

A

socioeconomic class

23
Q

a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort

A

mutual intelligibility

24
Q

the conscious or unconscious act of adjusting or changing from one style of speech to another (within one language)

A

style shifting

25
Q

negative value judgments made about a person based on the way he or she speaks, usually directed toward a speaker of a vernacular dialect

A

language prejudice

26
Q

a group of people who share language characteristics and ways of speaking

A

speech community

27
Q

the study of language focusing on the relationship between society and language; the study of language as it is used in social context

A

sociolinguistics

28
Q

a collection of maps of a certain area indicating the distribution of various phonological, morphological, lexical, or other features of the dialects of that area

A

dialect atlas

29
Q

aspects of pronunciation only that identify where a speaker is from, in contrast to dialect

A

accent

30
Q

a social dialect or a variety of a language that is strongly associated with one social group (e.g. working-class speech)

A

sociolect

31
Q

the variety of English spoken in the United States that is considered by most Americans to seem right

A

Mainstream/Standard American English

32
Q

language varieties associated with social factors, such as socioeconomic class, age, ethnic background, or sexual orientation

A

social dialects

33
Q

varieties of a language that exist in different geographical areas - often referred to by the general population as an accents or dialects

A

regional speech varieties

34
Q

the objective description of the way people actually speak without judgment about how they should speak

A

descriptivism

35
Q

the ability to speak two languages

A

bilingualism

36
Q

term used by linguists to refer to a language variety spoken by many African Americans

A

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)

37
Q

when the French conquered England & then ruled over it for ~ 200 years ; English became the language of the lower classes and French became the language of the upper classes ; MANY French/Latin based words entered English then

A

Battle of Hastings in 1066

38
Q

a language that develops when a pidgin language begins to be learned as a native language

A

creole

39
Q

1/3 of English’s vocabulary comes from this language

A

French

40
Q

English’s branch of the Indo-European Language Family

A

Germanic

41
Q

a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English during the 15th to 18th centuries

A

Great Vowel Shift

42
Q

the language developed from the pidgin language created when workers flocked to Hawaiʻi to work on its sugar plantations in the 1700-1800’s

A

Hawaiian Creole English (HCE)

43
Q

this creole has elements from Hawaiian, American English, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Korean

A

Hawaiian Creole English (HCE)

44
Q

what HCE stands for

A

Hawaiian Creole English

45
Q

alteration over time in any component of a language, such as pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary

A

language change

46
Q

the disappearance of a language or language variety

A

language death

47
Q

a sign language spontaneously developed by deaf children in a number of schools in Nicaragua from the late 70’s to the present

A

Nicaraguan Sign Language

48
Q

a language that arises when speakers of different languages come into contact, have no language in common, and have an immediate need to communicate; this kind of language has no native speakers

A

pidgin

49
Q

we can figure out how this famous playwright’s English sounded by his spelling, poetic rhythm, and the rhyming of his verse

A

Shakespeare

Linguistics 102 (1 decks)

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