Sociolect Flashcards
What was Penelope Eckerts theory? (Teen talk)
Slang is used to make a connection to youth culture-> separate themselves from 👨🦳 generation-> act ‘tough’/ ‘cool’
What was Vivian De Klerk theory? (Teen talk)
Young people want new identities, speech of adults= eroded by pattern of speech from their groups. Want to belong to a group dif from parents 👫, wanna be 😎 , modern
What was Vivian De Klerks study? ( teen talk)
Jocks + burnouts: Jocks- students 🏫 orientated, middle class, 😁 in education, social networks in school + same age, m⬆️ to go to uni.
Burnouts- ❌ 🏫orientated, working class culture, ❌ to go to uni don’t believe it’s needed, rebel against education, social networks= outside of 🏫 + older ppl
What was Anna - Brita stenstorms theory? (Teen talk)
Irregular turn taking/ overlaps
Shortening words ie: clipping, contractions, ‘wanna’
Teasing/name calling ‘Rimsh’
Slang, taboo, 🗣️ duelling
What features did Eckert identify in teen talk?
Typical features: ‘like’, ‘okay’, rising intonation (uptalk)
What was Emma Thompson theory?
Don’t do it, because it makes you sound stupid + you’re not stupid
What is the evolution of ‘like’?
OE- ‘Lic’ = body
gelic- ‘lic’= part of word ‘with the body…’ Like a way of saying ‘similar to’ - shortened to ‘Lic’
Grammar: slow- like
Beat niks movement 1950s - ‘like wow’
What was Jenny Cheshires theory?
It’s becoming recognised-> adult language + child’s language develop responding to important life events-> affecting 🫂 (social) relations
What is chronological age? (Eckert)
Nu of yrs since birth
What’s biological age (Eckert)?
Physical maturity
What’s social age (Eckert)?
Linked to life events: marriage
What some older slang?
‘Vom’, ‘peeps’, ‘totes’, ‘just chillax’
What’s new slang?
‘Slay’, ‘scran’, ‘beef’, ‘cooked’
What are examples of US Navy jargon?
Salty 🧂 = inexperienced
Maggot= sleeping bag
Noodle winger= helicopter pilot
What was Petyt 1985 study?
H dropping in certain accents/ dialects in words like ‘harm’, ‘heat’, ‘home’= ‘arm’, ‘eat’, ‘ome’
⬆️ in H dropping= lower class. ie: working class= 93% H drop,
Upper middle class= 12% H dropping
Who’s George Osbourne?
‘Mockney’ Chancellor, spoke in Estuary accent, said in a speech: ‘The briddish people badly wannit fixed’- did this as a technique as other MPS had voice lessons to fit in (thatcher)
What was Labovs New York study?
Studied post volcanic ‘r’ in 3 dif stores in NY:
Working class store - barely pronounced post volcanic ‘r’
Middle class store- ❌ pronounce post volcanic ‘r’ first time, did when asked to repeat directions
Upper store- mostly hear ‘post volcanic r’ ,
What’s an closed network?
Person whose personal contacts all know each other, found in males
What’s an open network?
An individual whose contacts ❌ know each other. ie: women
What’s density?
If members of a persons network in touch w eachother
Closed networks= high density
Open networks= low density
What was Milroy+ Millroy Belfast study?
People became part of close- knit communities, use more non standard language-> men use more vernacular Eng than women
What were the three groups in Millroys study?
BallyMaccarett- plenty of work, more use of non standard Eng as they worked+ lived in same area-> men more nonstandard than women
Hammer- women used more non standard form, wanted to fit in, men worked outside area- spoke more standard
Clonard- women used more non standard to fit in, women used more non standard, worked together-> more dense network
