Sociocultural Approach

Question 1

Cultural Dimension

Answer 1

how the values of a society affect behavior

Question 2

cultural norm

Answer 2

a set of rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individual ought to behave to be accepted within that group

Question 3

Surface culture

Answer 3

easily seen differences between cultures e.g. food, music, clothing

Question 4

Acculturation

Answer 4

The process by which someone comes into contact with another culture and begins to adopt the norms and behaviours of that culture.

Question 5

Enculturation

Answer 5

the process of adopting or internalizing the schemas of your culture.

Question 6

Etic approach

Answer 6

A term used in anthropology to describe research which is planned before arriving at the field. Like structured field work.

Question 7

Emic appraoch

Answer 7

A term used in anthropology to describe research develops questions whilst spending time wihtn the different culture. Like unstructrured field work.

Question 8

Dynamic

Answer 8

A characteristic of culture. Changes over time by acculturation, in response to the environment and society

Question 9

Social Identity Theory

Answer 9

A theory that the minimal condition for ingroup bias the categorisation of groups, comparison and self-esteem

Question 10

Tajfel

Answer 10

Tested the minimal group paradigm using UK school boys who allocated points on matrices

Question 11

Self-Identity

Answer 11

A persons image of themselves, which includes socialidentity.

Question 12

Confirmation bias

Answer 12

when people tend to seek out or remember information that supports their currently held beliefs or expectations - and ignore information that contradicts these beliefs.

Question 13

Cultural norm

Answer 13

a set of rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individual ought to behave to be accepted within that group.

Question 14

Cultural dimension

Answer 14

The trends of behaviour in a given culture which reflect the values of that culture.

Question 15

Illusory correlation

Answer 15

people see a relationship between two variables even when there is none.

Question 16

In-group bias

Answer 16

Favouring your own group

Question 17

Integration

Answer 17

When there is an interest in adopting the behaviours and values of a new culture, while still maintaining one’s original culture

Question 18

Marginalization

Answer 18

when it is not really possible to maintain one’s original culture, but because of exclusion or discrimination, it is not possible to assimilate into a new culture.

Question 19

Normative social influence

Answer 19

when a person conforms to be liked or accepted by members of a group.en a person conforms to be liked or accepted by members of a group.

Question 20

Stereotype

Answer 20

social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes.

Question 21

Stereotype threat

Answer 21

when worry about conforming to a negative stereotype leads to underperformance on a test or other task by a member of the stereotyped group

Question 22

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 22

our tendency to repeat or imitate behaviours for which others are being rewarded.

Question 23

Social identity

Answer 23

a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s)

Question 24

Hamilton

Answer 24

Investigated the illusionary correlation explanation of why minority groups become falsely stereotyped

Question 25

Steel & Anderson

Answer 25

Investigated threat as being a consequence of being stereotyped

Question 26

Sherif et al

Answer 26

Conducted research about two groups of boys competing in a summer camp. Shows competition for resources can lead to conflict and can support SIT

Question 27

Bandua

Answer 27

Conducted the Bobo doll experiment which supports SCT

Question 28

Charlton et. al

Answer 28

Conducted a natural study investigated the effects of TV on social learning and foud results which contrast with Bandura’s

Question 29

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 29

the influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviours. Started with Social Learning theory and there are 4 stages.

Question 30

Self-efficacy

Answer 30

one’s belief in one’s ability to successfully accomplish a task.

Question 31

Role model

Answer 31

These are liked and respected people who are more likely to be learnt from

Question 32

Yuki

Answer 32

Found that SIT was less relevant in collectivist cultures due to complexity of in-group interaction in this type of culture.

Question 33

Berry

Answer 33

Used a variation of Asch’s line study to test the effect of culture on conformity

Question 34

Flash Bulb Memory

Answer 34

a vivid, enduring memory associated with and emotional and personally significant event

Question 35

Kulkofsky

Answer 35

Conducted research to shows differences in FBM in individualistic and collectivist cultures

Question 36

Individualistic culture

Answer 36

is a society which is characterized by individualism, which is the prioritization or emphasis of the individual over the entire group and value freedom and independence.

Question 37

collectivist culture

Answer 37

based on valuing the needs of a group or a community over the individual. Kinship, family, and community are extremely important. People tend to work together to create harmony. Group cohesion is extremely valued.