Sociocultural Approach Flashcards
Cultural Dimension
how the values of a society affect behavior
cultural norm
a set of rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individual ought to behave to be accepted within that group
Surface culture
easily seen differences between cultures e.g. food, music, clothing
Acculturation
The process by which someone comes into contact with another culture and begins to adopt the norms and behaviours of that culture.
Enculturation
the process of adopting or internalizing the schemas of your culture.
Etic approach
A term used in anthropology to describe research which is planned before arriving at the field. Like structured field work.
Emic appraoch
A term used in anthropology to describe research develops questions whilst spending time wihtn the different culture. Like unstructrured field work.
Dynamic
A characteristic of culture. Changes over time by acculturation, in response to the environment and society
Social Identity Theory
A theory that the minimal condition for ingroup bias the categorisation of groups, comparison and self-esteem
Tajfel
Tested the minimal group paradigm using UK school boys who allocated points on matrices
Self-Identity
A persons image of themselves, which includes socialidentity.
Confirmation bias
when people tend to seek out or remember information that supports their currently held beliefs or expectations - and ignore information that contradicts these beliefs.
Cultural norm
a set of rules based on socially or culturally shared beliefs of how an individual ought to behave to be accepted within that group.
Cultural dimension
The trends of behaviour in a given culture which reflect the values of that culture.
Illusory correlation
people see a relationship between two variables even when there is none.
In-group bias
Favouring your own group
Integration
When there is an interest in adopting the behaviours and values of a new culture, while still maintaining one’s original culture
Marginalization
when it is not really possible to maintain one’s original culture, but because of exclusion or discrimination, it is not possible to assimilate into a new culture.
Normative social influence
when a person conforms to be liked or accepted by members of a group.en a person conforms to be liked or accepted by members of a group.
Stereotype
social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes.
Stereotype threat
when worry about conforming to a negative stereotype leads to underperformance on a test or other task by a member of the stereotyped group
Vicarious reinforcement
our tendency to repeat or imitate behaviours for which others are being rewarded.
Social identity
a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s)
Hamilton
Investigated the illusionary correlation explanation of why minority groups become falsely stereotyped
Steel & Anderson
Investigated threat as being a consequence of being stereotyped
Sherif et al
Conducted research about two groups of boys competing in a summer camp. Shows competition for resources can lead to conflict and can support SIT
Bandua
Conducted the Bobo doll experiment which supports SCT
Charlton et. al
Conducted a natural study investigated the effects of TV on social learning and foud results which contrast with Bandura’s
Social Cognitive Theory
the influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviours. Started with Social Learning theory and there are 4 stages.
Self-efficacy
one’s belief in one’s ability to successfully accomplish a task.
Role model
These are liked and respected people who are more likely to be learnt from
Yuki
Found that SIT was less relevant in collectivist cultures due to complexity of in-group interaction in this type of culture.
Berry
Used a variation of Asch’s line study to test the effect of culture on conformity
Flash Bulb Memory
a vivid, enduring memory associated with and emotional and personally significant event
Kulkofsky
Conducted research to shows differences in FBM in individualistic and collectivist cultures
Individualistic culture
is a society which is characterized by individualism, which is the prioritization or emphasis of the individual over the entire group and value freedom and independence.
collectivist culture
based on valuing the needs of a group or a community over the individual. Kinship, family, and community are extremely important. People tend to work together to create harmony. Group cohesion is extremely valued.
