Sociocultural Approach Flashcards
Social Identity Theory
Social Identity Theory
A person has several social selves that correspond to group membership
Social categorization is the process of classifying people into groups based on similar characteristics.
Gives rise to in-groups and out-groups
Levine et al. (2005)
Social Cognitive Theory
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
People can learn by watching models and imitating their behaviour
Involves attention, retention, motivation and potential
When we observe others receive a reward, we may imitate that behaviour to get the same reward
This is known as vicarious reinforcement.
Bandura (1961)
Formation of Stereotypes
Form Stereotypes
a social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes
We see our out-groups as all having similar traits, what is known as out-group homogeneity.
We see a relationship between two variables even when there is none (illusory correlation)
Hamilton and Gifford (1976)
Effects of Stereotypes
Stereotype Effects
A social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes
Stereotype threat occurs when one is in a situation where there is a threat of being judged or treated stereotypically or a fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype.
Steele and Aronson (1995)
Cultural Dimensions
Cultural Dimensions
Dimensions are how the values of a society affect behaviour and describe the trends of behaviour in a given culture.
The degree to which people are integrated into groups.
Individualism is when everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family.
Collectivism is integration into cohesive in-groups, often extended families
Berry (1967)
Enculturation
Enculturation
Individuals learn and internalise the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture, shaping their identities and social behaviours.
Gender roles are the expectations and behaviours culturally assigned to individuals based on their perceived gender.
Vertical, Oblique, and Horizontal cultural transmission
Fagot (1978)
Acculturation/Assimilation
Acculturation
When people move into another culture, they often begin to adopt the norms and behaviours of the majority culture
When there is an interest in adopting the behaviours and values of the new culture while still maintaining the original culture, this is called integration.
When maintaining own culture and minimize contact with the new culture, this is called separation
Miranda and Matheny (2000)
