Sociocultural and Sustainability

Question 1

The sum total of the beliefs, rules, techniques,
institutions, and artifacts that characterize human
populations.

Answer 1

CULTURE

Question 2

MOST ANTHROPOLOGISTS AGREE THAT:

Answer 2

1. Culture is learned;
2. The various aspects of culture are interrelated.
3. Culture is shared, patterned, and mutually constructed through social interaction.
4. Culture defines the boundaries of different groups.

Question 3

The belief that your own culture is superior to other
cultures.

Answer 3

ETHNOCENTRICITY

Question 4

HOW DO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGERS LEARN TO LIVE, WORK, AND MEET
BUSINESS GOALS IN OTHER CULTURES?

Answer 4

According to E.T Hall:

1. Spend a lifetime in a culture, or
2. Undergo an extensive training program that covers the main characteristics of a culture, including the language.

Question 5

What areas do culture affect business function?

Answer 5

Marketing
HR
Production, Procurement
Accounting, Business Finance
Leadership

Question 6

HOW CULTURE SHOWS ITSELF

Answer 6

1. Aesthetics
2. Religion
3. Material Culture
4. Language and Communication
5. Societal Organization
6. Gift Giving

Question 7

AESTHETICS

• From the Greek word

Answer 7

aisthetikos, meaning
perceptible by the
senses.

Question 8

A culture’s sense of
beauty and good
taste.

Answer 8

AESTHETICS

Question 9

All human- made
objects.

Answer 9

MATERIAL CULTURE or

ARTIFACTS

Question 10

SOCIETAL ORGANIZATION

2 KINDS:

Answer 10

1. Kinship
2. Free Association

Question 11

Is an important and
often confusing aspect
of every international
manager’s life.

Answer 11

GIFT GIVING IN BUSINESS

Question 12

CULTURAL FRAMEWORKS

Answer 12

1. High and Low Context (Edward Hall)
2. Cultural Orientations Framework (Florence
   Kluckhohn and Fred Strodtbeck)
3. Six Dimensions of Culture (Geert Hofstede)
4. Seven Dimensions of Culture (Fons Trompenaar)

Question 13

Measures the degree to which people in
the culture are integrated into groups.

Answer 13

Individualism- Collectivism

Question 14

Is the extent to which members of a
society expect power to be distributed
unequally and accept that as it is.

Answer 14

Power Distance

Question 15

Describes a society’s level of comfort with
uncertainty.

Answer 15

Uncertainty Avoidance

Question 16

Describes the distribution of roles between
sexes.

Answer 16

Masculinity- Femininity

Question 17

Describes the culture’s tendency to either
allow relatively free gratification of human
desires or suppress human drives through
strict social norms.

Answer 17

Indulgence vs. Restraint

Question 18

Is a measure of how people deal with the
unexplainable in their lives.

Answer 18

Pragmatic vs. Normative

Question 19

Addresses whether rules or relationships
regulate behaviors.

Answer 19

Universalism vs. Particularism

Question 20

condition in which concepts apply to all.

Answer 20

Universalist

Question 21

condition in which context determines what concepts apply

Answer 21

Particularist

Question 22

Has to do with whether people plan their
actions with reference to individual benefits or
group benefits.

Answer 22

Individualism vs. Communitarianism

Question 23

belief that the group is the beneficiary of actions.

Answer 23

Communitarianism

Question 24

The withholding of emotion contrasted with its
expression.

Answer 24

Neutral vs. Affective

Question 25

Life divided into public and private spheres
contrasted with life undifferentiated.

Answer 25

Specific vs. Diffuse

Question 26

What a person does contrasted with who a
person is.

Answer 26

Achievement vs. Ascription

Question 27

Describes whether actions are sequential
(monochronic) or synchronous (polychronic).

Answer 27

Attitudes toward Time

Question 28

actions are sequential

Answer 28

(monochronic)

Question 29

actions are synchronous

Answer 29

(polychronic).

Question 30

Addresses the question “Do we try to live in
harmony with nature, or do we try to control it?”

Answer 30

Attitudes toward the Environment

Question 31

involves an openness to
diversity along with an ability to synthesize
across diversity.

Answer 31

Global mindset

Question 32

State in which the demands placed upon the
environment by people and commerce can be
bet without reducing the capacity of the
environment to provide for future generations.

Answer 32

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Question 33

CHARACTERISTICS OF

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE

BUSINESS

Answer 33

1. LIMITS
2. INTERDEPENDENCE
3. EQUITY IN DISTRIBUTION

Question 34

An understanding of how business
operates that takes into account all
identifiable interest holders.

Answer 34

STAKEHOLDER THEORY