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Socio > Socio Exam #4 > Flashcards

Socio Exam #4 Flashcards

1
Q

How did Marx view religion?

A

believed religion reflects the social stratification of society and that it maintains inequality and perpetuates the status quo

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2
Q

How do structural functionalists view religion?

A

depends on society for its existence, value, and significance + society relies on religion

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3
Q

Polytheism

A

a religion based on belief in multiple deities

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4
Q

What are the Noble Truths?

A

1) life is suffering
2) suffering arises from attachment to desires
3) suffering ceases when attachment to desires ceases
4) freedom from suffering is possible by following the “middle way”

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5
Q

What does the Confucius word jen mean?

A

the kind treatment of every person

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6
Q

What is liberation theology?

A

the use of a church to promote social change via the political arena

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7
Q

How did Freud and Marx view the downfall of religion?

A

modernization of society would bring about a decrease in the influence of religion

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8
Q

What is Taoism?

A

the purpose of life is inner peace and harmony; concerned with a more spiritual level of being

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9
Q

Define formal education

A

formal education
the learning of academic facts and concepts

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10
Q

Describe the case of Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

A

brought on the behalf of seven school-age children with special needs who argued that the school board was denying their access to free public education

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11
Q

What is hidden curriculum?

A

the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms

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12
Q

How does conflict theory view education?

A

see schools as a means for perpetuating class, racial-ethnic, and gender inequalities

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13
Q

What is sorting in education?

A

classifying students based on academic merit or potential

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14
Q

What did Pierre Bourdieu study?

A

researched how cultural capital, or cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency that helps us navigate a culture, alters the experiences and opportunities available to French students from different social classes

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15
Q

What is the Head Start program?

A

a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status

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16
Q

How does grade inflation affect employment?

A

students with higher grades are more likely to be selected for a job or a grad school

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17
Q

What is tracking in education?

A

a formalized sorting system that places students on “tracks” (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities

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18
Q

What was Weber’s definition of power?

A

the ability to exercise one’s will over others

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19
Q

Define oligarchy

A

a form of government in which power is held by a small, elite group

20
Q

Define monarchy

A

a form of government in which a single person (a monarch) rules until that individual dies or abdicates the throne

21
Q

Who wrote Who Rules America?

A

William Domhoff

22
Q

What is a totalitarian dictatorship?

A

an extremely oppressive form of dictatorship in which most aspects of citizens’ lives are controlled by the leader

23
Q

Define patrimonialism

A

a type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the power of the master

24
Q

What is the case Reynolds v. Sims?

A

decision reaffirmed the notion of “one person, one vote,” a concept holding that all people’s votes should be counted equally

25
Q

Define anarchy

A

the absence of any organized government

26
Q

Define charismatic authority

A

power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities

27
Q

How did Marx view political conflict?

A

conflict between groups struggling to either attain wealth and power or keep the wealth and power they had was inevitable in a capitalist society, and conflict was the only way for the underprivileged to eventually gain some measure of equality

28
Q

Define commodity

A

internationally integrated economic links that connect workers and corporations for the purpose of manufacture and marketing

29
Q

What is structural unemployment?

A

a societal level of disjuncture between people seeking jobs and the jobs that are available

30
Q

Define subsistence farming

A

farming where farmers grow only enough to feed themselves and their families

31
Q

What is xenophobia?

A

an illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods

32
Q

What is bartering?

A

a process where people exchange one form of goods or services for another

33
Q

Define globalization

A

the integration of international trade and finance markets

34
Q

Define mercantilism

A

an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges

35
Q

What is mechanical solidarity?

A

a form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies

36
Q

What is medical sociology?

A

the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy

37
Q

What is stigmatized illness?

A

illnesses that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society

38
Q

How do symbolic interactionists view medical treatment?

A

acknowledge the subjective nature of diagnosis, it is important to remember who most benefits when a behavior becomes defined as illness

39
Q

Define epidemiology

A

the study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases

40
Q

What is socialized medicine?

A

when the government owns and runs the entire healthcare system

41
Q

What is social epidemiology?

A

the study of the causes and distribution of diseases

42
Q

How do functionalist view sick people?

A

sick person has not chosen to be sick and should not be treated as responsible for her condition. The sick person also has the right of being exempt from normal social roles; they are not required to fulfill the obligation of a well person and can avoid her normal responsibilities without censure.

43
Q

What is the medicalization of deviance?

A

the process that changes “bad” behavior into “sick” behavior

44
Q

What is “The Sick Role”?

A

patterns of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them.

45
Q
A

Socio (1 decks)

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