society & rebellions Flashcards
When was the Lovell & Stafford rebellion and who led it?
April 1486. It was led by Viscount Lovell (Richard III’s councillor), Humphrey and Thomas Stafford.
What happened in the Lovell & Stafford rebellion?
The men had been hiding in sanctuary since Bosworth. In April 1486 Henry either offered them reconciliation or a fight that would result in execution. They gathered a few supporters in Yorkshire and the Midlands.
How did Henry deal with the Lovell & Stafford rebellion?
Jasper Tudor easily stopped the uprising. Lovell fled to Margaret of Burgundy for support. The Stafford went to seek sanctuary again but were declined. Humphrey was executed but Thomas was pardoned in return for his loyalty.
How did the idea of Lambert Simnel come about?
Simnel was a boy from Oxford who was tutored by priest Richard Symonds to impersonate the Ear of Warwick (Edward IV’s nephew who was imprisoned in the TOL). John de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln, put the conspiracy together and had Simbel crowned at Dublin Cathedral.
Where did John de la Pole get mercenaries from?
He fled to Margaret of Burgundy in Spring 1487. She gave him German mercenaries. They now had German, English and Irish men which amounted to around 6-8 thousand men.
How di Henry respond to the threat of Lambert Simnel?
He exhibited the real Earl of Warwick in London. However, people were mote bothered about having a claimant, not who the claimant actually was.
Explain the Battle of Stoke
Henry reinstated the Earl of Northumberland who had led Richard III in battle. This prevented the powerful Yorkist family of Howard from joining the rebellion. At the Battle of Stoke, Jasper Tudor and the Earl of Oxford killed John de la Pole and won. Lambert Simnel was captured but Henry gave him a job in the kitchens as he was still young.
When was the Northen rebellion and why did it occur?
In 1489 the north had suffered bad harvests and had to pay taxes for the French War.
How did the Northen Rebellion start?
Peasants killed the Earl of Northumberland and gathered large groups of rebels. However they never had support from the nobility because they anger was self-interested.
How did Henry VII respond to the Northen Rebellion?
He sent an army to deal with the rebels and easily stopped them.
Who did Perkin Warbeck impersonate and when/where did he start?
In 1491, he began to impersonate Richard Duke of York in Island.
Where did Perkin Warbeck travel to from 1491-97?
He travelled across Europe to France (Charles VIII and Margaret of Burgundy), Scotland (James IV) and Ireland.
Explain Perkin Warbeck’s invasion and what it resulted in.
Warbeck invaded England from Scotland during 1497. His forces were crushed and, after trying to escape, Warbeck was imprisoned in the TOL and was later executed with the Earl of Warwick when they tried to escape.
When was the Cornish Rebellion and why did it start?
It took place in 1497 and coincided with Perkin Warbeck’s invasion. It started because they were being taxed for a campaign against Scotland due to Warbeck’s invasion.
How did Henry VII deal with the Cornish Rebellion?
When they gathered a large army which were led by nobles and marched to London, Henry sent a larger army and the rebels were defeated.
What were the original number of nobles in 1487 and what did this fall to in 1509. Why did this happen?
They fell from 57 to 43. This is because Henry did not make new nobles and when people died without an heir, their title & land went to the crown.
What were 3 ways that Henry tried to unite with the nobility.
- Called Great Councils to consult with them
- United over the common enemy France in the invasion of 1492
- He called his first son Arthur to develop a link to Arthur and the knights of the round table.
What were bonds and recognisances?
Henry grouped nobles together. He would punish them all if one did something wrong. This forced them to be noble as they governed one another and tried to prove themselves.
How did Edmund Dudley describe bonds and recognisances?
As “having many persons in danger at his pleasure”
How did the amount of bonds and recognisances change from Edward IV and Richard III to Henry VII?
At first, 20 peers were under bonds and recognisances for a year. Under Henry VII the number was 46 for 2 years. This was 75% of noble families. Even his friends were under bonds, eg. Earl of Oxford.
What happened to Robert Fitzwater in 1495?
He was attained and then executed. His son paid £2000 to reverse the attainder but he only got some of the lands back.
What happened to Thomas Howard, the Earl of Surrey?
Howard was given back his earldom in 1489 but he then paid more for his father’s lands in 1492 and was only given the dukedom in 1513 by Henry VIII after the Battle of Flodden.
How many attainders did Edward IV issue after 1463 compared to Henry in the Parliament of 1504?
27 compared to 51
What was retaining?
Illegally owning an army.
What did Henry reassert in his laws about retaining?
Retainers could be kept if they were carrying out ‘lawful service’. He had to rely on these armies because there was no standing army to fight campaigns.
What happened regarding retaining in 1504?
A new act said all Lords would need to receive written permission from Henry to be allowed to retain an army.
When was the Surveyor of the King’s Prerogative created and what was this role?
It was created in 1508 and filled by Sir Edward Belknapp. The role was made to ensure that nobody was denying the King.
How did the CLIC find out about the feudal dues and what did Dudley admit about this?
They used a network of spies and Dudley admitted that many of the charges were false.
Explain the change in income from wardships.
In 1403 the income was £350 but this rose to £6000 in 1507.
How did Henry control marriages and why did he do this?
Feudal lord permission had to be granted for weddings. This prevented the formation of new power blocks between nobles.
Give an example of marriage fines.
Katherine Woodville (the Queen’s aunt) was fined £2000.
Who was attained with his dad who fought for Richard III?
The Earl of Surrey.
Where did Jasper Tudor and Thomas Butler rule?
Wales and Ireland
What was Lord Burgavenny fined and what did he actually pay?
Fined £70,000 but only paid £5000 per annum for 10 years
