Society in the 1970s - Youth Culture, Social tensions and terrorism Flashcards

1
Q

What was the music scene like in the mid-70s?

A
  • Many major bands British: Pink Floyd; Genesis; Rolling Stones etc + Rock Bands e.g Queen
  • Trends emerged such as lengthy ‘concepts’ albums + classical accompaniment
  • Many music critics saw these trends as pretentious and one result was emergence of punk, most famously in the sex pistols
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2
Q

What did punks wear? Why

A
  • unisex style incorporating leather, torn clothing, safety pins, swastikas, zips etc
  • brightly died spiked hair
  • designed to shock and attract extreme reactions
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3
Q

What was the punk philosophy?

A
  • much of it was nihilistic and reflected social attitudes and the social alienation that many young people felt
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4
Q

How did the punks create a moral panic?

A
  • anti social behaviour guaranteed notoriety and local authorities banned performances to protect local people
  • Sex Pistols released controversial single - God Save the Queen - during the Queen’s Silver Jubilee year- BBC refused to play but still reached N.2 in charts
  • they swore on live TV
  • With death of Sid Vicious never performed again but influence enduring
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5
Q

During 1967 what bands were there?

A
  • The Damned, the Clash, the Jam, the Stranglers played with speed and raw energetic sound
  • mostly male but some female
  • Soon record labels made punk more commercially viable
  • By 1980s many of the new wave of bands lost their originality and punk tamed into mainstream
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6
Q

What were Skinheads?

A
  • Image adopted by many fascist NF thugs
  • Skinhead fashion Dr Marten boots + check shirts, + ironically ska and reggae music
  • tended to be working class and linked to football hooliganism
  • Later became Rudies + changed appearance
  • shocking appearance reflected sense of disgust with a society which seemed to have abandoned its youth and future
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7
Q

What was football hooliganism ?

A
  • already a growing problem at the beginning of the 1970s but gradually worsened over decade
  • hooligan groups set up and linked to particular football clubs
  • scenes of violence became known as football hooliganism
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8
Q

What were positive reactions to these youth subcultures?

A
  • 1976 Rock Against Racism organised with the Socialist Workers party to fight racism - many well known artists appeared without payment
  • 1979 - 1982 mixed race bands eg the Specials expressed a defiant anti-Thatcher manifesto
  • different subcultures helped different forms of black music become established in popular British culture
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9
Q

Social Tensions and Terrorism

What were social tensions and terrorism like in Britain overview?

A
  • As unemployment rose so did the number of strikes and by the mid seventies inflation reached 25%
  • numerous social groups were demanding rights denied to them as society became increasingly confrontational
  • racial tensions increased in cities where the NF begun to openly provoke black communities
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10
Q

What did Bloody Sunday lead to ? *

A
  • 1972
  • Bloody Sunday was a massacre in 1972 when British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a protest march in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland
  • led to an alarming deterioration in relations between Dublin and London
  • Much resentment was caused by government anti-terrorist policies particularly internment and the “Diplock courts”
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11
Q

What did little progress in civil rights issues in Northern Ireland result in?

A
  • Provisional IRA extended its terror campaign
  • In 1974 a bomb in the Tower of London killed one woman and injured 41 children
  • Pub bombings near army barracks in Guildford and Woolwich killed seven and in a horrific bombing in Birmingham 21 were killed and 162 were injured
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12
Q

What was crime like in 1970s britain (negative)?

A
  • Violent crime and vandalism increased
  • Corruption and conspiracy in public life increased
  • by the end of the decade Britain’s prisons were seriously overcrowded and increasing risk of prison riots
  • police faced with increasing hostility from youth
  • 1980s riots broke out in St Paul’s, Bristol, London etc
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13
Q

Positives in relation to crime?

A
  • Rape received increasing publicity in feminist protest
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14
Q

How did the use of drugs change?

A
  • Use of cannabis reached peak in mid seventies
  • The use of cannabis became more private
  • Harsh penalties in early seventies often involving prison sentences became more relaxed
  • By 1980 the market for heroin had grown significantly and was to impact upon crime figures particularly in the 1980s
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15
Q

What question was debated due to problems in the 1970s?

A
  • By 1974 press, television and political debate were dominated by this question
  • was Britain becoming ungovernable
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16
Q

What were the problems in the 1970s summed up?

A
  • Violence of the 1973-4 miners strike
  • gathering race problem
  • growing strength of Scottish and Welsh nationalism
  • -> suggested perhaps British social cohesion breaking down
17
Q

Violence during 1970s summed up?

A
  • Clashes between National Front and counter demonstrators
  • In 1979 the National Front deliberately held a meeting in Southall, predominantly Asian London community, teacher, Blair Peach Anti National Front demonstrator killed
  • Immense violence at the Grunwick picket lines in 1977
    left 97 policemen injured in a dispute over union rights