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Edexcel GCSE History- Early Elizabethan England > Society and Government and start of era > Flashcards

Society and Government and start of era Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the two key features of Elizabethan society?

A
  • Hierachy

- Social contract

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2
Q

Name the rural hierachy (top to bottom):

A
  • Monarch
  • Nobility
  • Gentry
  • Yeomen
  • Tenant farmers
  • Landless/labouring poor
  • Vagrants and homeless
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3
Q

How much of England’s population lived and worked in the countryside?

A

90%

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4
Q

What were the two largest cities in England at the time in terms of population? What were the populations?

A

London - 200,000

Norwich - 15,000

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5
Q

Name the hierachy in towns (top to bottom):

A
  • Monarch
  • Merchants
  • Professionals
  • Business Owners
  • Skilled Craftsmen
  • Unskilled workers/unemployed
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6
Q

How much of England’s exports were wool by 1563?

A

81%

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7
Q

How much did food prices rise by between 1558 and 1603?

A

75%

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8
Q

How much did manufactured goods prices rise by between 1558 and 1603?

A

45%

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9
Q

How much did the population increase by between 1558 and 1603?

A

3 million to 4.2 million

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10
Q

When did John Gresham set up the financial exchnage?

A

1567

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11
Q

What was the financial exchange known as after 1571?

A

Royal Exchange

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12
Q

From which city did London overtake as being a huge trade and financial centre?

A

Antwerp

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13
Q

What were set up to protect the value of labour?

A

Guilds

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14
Q

What were legal quays designed to do?

A

Collect taxes upon imports effectively

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15
Q

What did the statue of artificers attempt to do to protect the value of labour?

A

Made men stay in locality where they were born and do the same work as their fathers

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16
Q

How long were apprenticeships made to last?

A

7 years

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17
Q

What were Justices of Peace meant to do to worker’s wages?

A

Fix them

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18
Q

Give some examples of joint stick companies who had monopolies:

A
  • East India Company
  • Eastern Company
  • Muscovy Company
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19
Q

What led to the new class of landowners under Henry VIII’s reign?

A

The dissolution of the monasteries and the sale of their land

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20
Q

What areas did Elizabeth have prerogative power over?

A
  • Foreign policy
  • Succession
  • Royal Marriage
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21
Q

What were the parts of the government under Elizabeth’s reign?

A
  • Monarch
  • Court
  • Privy Council
  • Secretary of State
  • Parliament
  • Lords Lieutenant
  • Justices of the Peace
22
Q

What was the role of the monarch?

A
  • Prerogative powers e.g.declare war and make peace
  • make government policy
  • call and dismiss parliament and agree to or reject any laws they voted for
  • rule in some legal cases
  • grant titles, lands, money and jobs
23
Q

What was the role of the court?

A
  • to entertain and advise the monarch

- to provide a public display of wealth and power

24
Q

What was the role of the privy council?

A
  • Debate current issues and adivse the monarch on government policy
  • ensure monarch’s decisions were carried out
  • oversee law and order, local government and security of England
  • monitor JPs and the proceedings of parliament
25
Q

What was the role of the Secretary of State?

A
  • Advise monarch on matters important to the crown

- Conduct the roles as a privy councillor

26
Q

What were the roles of parliament?

A
  • grant extraordinary taxation
  • pass laws (Acts of Parliament)
  • offer advice to the monarch
27
Q

What was the role of a lord lieutenant?

A
  • Raise and train local militia
  • Oversee county defences
  • Oversee the enforcement of policies
  • Participate in local government
28
Q

What were the roles of the Justices of the Peace?

A
  • Make sure all social and economic policies were carried out
  • Hear county court cases every three months for more serious crimes
  • Participate in the local government
29
Q

What were the three main areas regarding Elizabeth’s legitimacy?

A
  • Gender
  • Parentage
  • Character
30
Q

What was legitimate about Elizabeth’s reign regarding gender?

A
  • Mary I had ruled as a female monarch
31
Q

What was illegitimate about Elizabeth’s reign regarding gender?

A
  • Christian relgion taught that women should be under male authority
  • Monarch’s were supposed to lead armies into battle
  • Women were deemed to be physically, mentally and emotionally weaker and incapable of governing
  • Mary I’s reign was a disaster
32
Q

What made Mary I’s reign disastrous?

A
  • had 300 burned for religion
  • left England in much debt and poor finance
  • rebellions occured against her
  • lost war against France so morale was low
33
Q

Who published a book claiming rule by females is contrary to the bible?

A

John Knox

34
Q

What was legitimate about Elizabeth’s reign regarding parentage?

A
  • She was the eldest living child of Henry
  • Henry reversed claim that said she was illegitimate
  • Elizabeth campaigned for Anne Boleyn to be remembered in a positive way
35
Q

What was illegitimate about Elizabeth’s reign regarding parentage?

A
  • Pope refused to grant Henry a divorce to enable him to marry Anne Boleyn
  • Therefore, Catholics failed to acknowledge his divorce meaning Elizabeth was born out of wedlock
  • Henry condemned Elizabeth’’s mother as a traitor as she also commited adultery with some senior figures
36
Q

What was legitimate about Elizabeth’s reign regarding character?

A
  • Highly intelligent and educated
  • Spoke Latin, Greek, Italian and French
  • Understood politics wellpartly due to imprisonment in the Tower of London
  • Confident and charasmatic
  • Good speech maker
  • Could win over subjects
37
Q

What was illegitimate about Elizabeth’s reign regarding character?

A
  • Never married, so remained ‘Virgin Queen’
  • Had a temper which people feared
  • Took a long time to make decisions which infuriated her Privy Council
38
Q

What was the crown’s debt by 1558?

A

£300,000

39
Q

What was the annual crown income in 1558?

A

£286,000

40
Q

What were the different parts to the Crown’s income?

A
  • Rents and incomes from Crown Lands
  • Taxes from trade
  • Subsidies granted by parliament
  • Profits of Justice
  • Loans
41
Q

What was the revenue by land at the start of Elizabeth’s reign? At the end?

A

£86,000 to £116,000

42
Q

What proportion of the Crown’s income was by land revenue at the start of her reign? at the end?

A

30% to 19%

43
Q

What was the net value of crown lands after they had been assigned and sold off to debtors?

A

£38,000

44
Q

What did revenue from customs duties rise by in 1556-7 to 1558-9?

A

£54,000

45
Q

How much did custom duties generate in the 1590s, barely keeping with inflation?

A

£91,000

46
Q

What were set up to try to ensure taxes from trade could be monitored better?

A

Legal Quays

47
Q

What was the issue with the fifteenth and tenth tax?

A

It had been fixed in the 14th century so only raised £30,000. It didn’t keep with inflation

48
Q

What were subsidies raising at the start and end of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

£140,000 to £85,000

49
Q

Why couldn’t more money be generated off subsidy tax and the fifteenth and tenth tax?

A

Would require the taxes being multplied or more frequent (subsidy) or altered by parliament(15th and 10th) which was very unpopular with the people

50
Q

Why was little money generated off profits of justice?

A

Because if they were done more so, there would be an increase in crime

51
Q

How much did Elizabeth owe Antwerp exchange and at what interest rate?

A

£100,000 at 14%

52
Q

Why did Elizabeth raise as many money loans as possible at home?

A

Because she could restrict and control them (in terms of interest etc.) due to the 1571 ursury law reform

Edexcel GCSE History- Early Elizabethan England (3 decks)

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