Society

Question 1

How was Child Labour approached during the progressive era?

Answer 1

CHILD LABOUR

• National Child Labour Committee co-ordinated a movement against exploitation of children
• Photographs by Lewis Hine used as evidence
• By 1910, most states had established minimum legal age and maximum length of work day

Question 2

Give the names of 2 key women’s parties and how they campaigned

What helped their cause?

Answer 2

• National American Womens Suffrage Association - patient organising
• National Women’s Party - used picket lines, hunger strikes, and marches

Their success during WW1 only amplified their efforts

Question 3

What was the 19th amendment and when was it?

Answer 3

THE 19TH AMENDMENT 1919

Gave women the vote

Question 4

Why did women want to limit their working day?
What case became significant in 1908?
Why did this argument damage the feminist cause?

Answer 4

The movement wanted to limit women’s working hours, arguing that long hours were detrimental to a woman’s health, although this certainly suggested that women were weaker, therefore hindering their persuit of equal rights

Question 5

TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY FIRE
what year?
How many died?
Of what nationality?
What were the results?

Answer 5

TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY FIRE 1911

• Killed 150 women
• Most were Jewish or Italian
• Triggered New York State legislature to establish 54 hour working week, impose child labour laws and new health and safety regulation

Question 6

MULLER VS OREGON

Answer 6

MULLER VS OREGON 1908
A case which was essentially used to justify and legalise sex discrimination in labour
The ruling is criticised on account of the fact that it set a precedent to use sex differences as a basis for separate legislation, as well as essentially promoting laws based on gender stereotypes, which restricted women’s rights and financial independence

Question 7

What was child labour like before the opposition movement?

Answer 7

By 1900, 18% of all American workers were under the age of 16, as child labour had become embedded within the American economy
- Despite several states imposing school attendance laws, an influx of immigrants in the 1880s provided a new pool of child workers, meaning that the laws were largely ineffective