Society Flashcards
1
Q
How did Women’s Lib groups protest feminism?
A
- The disrupted the 1970 Miss World Context, believing they objectified women.
- They organised demonstrations in both London and Liverpool in March 1971, demanding equal pay and free 24hr child care.
2
Q
Who were radical feminists?
A
- Those who believed women were repressed by a patriarchy and campaigned particularly for reproductive rights. - One divided half of the feminist movement.
3
Q
Who were socialist feminists?
A
- They identified a clearer class dimension to woman’s equality and they campaigned on issues that would help women achieve financial independence.
4
Q
Who were socialist feminists?
A
- Those who identified a class dimension on women’s and who campaigned for female financial independence.
5
Q
What did Erin Pizzey found?
A
- She founded Chiswick Women’s Aid in 1971, a womens refuge that helped women facing abusive partners. These were issues the police were reluctant to be involved with.
- She was widely praised but her use of squatting was controversial.
6
Q
How was progress made in reproductive rights?
A
- The Pill was available in the 60s but became widely available through the NHS from 1971
7
Q
How were attempts made to tackle violence against women?
A
- The first rape crisis centre opened in London in 1976.
- In 1976 the Domestic Violence Act made it possible for woken to take out restraining orders on violent partners.
- In 1977 Reclaim the Night marches were held across Britain in response to the Yorkshire Ripper murders.
8
Q
What was the Sex Discrimination Act?
A
- 1975, it was passed to end discrimination on the basis of gender or marital status.
- It aimed to ensure equality of opportunity in employment and education, outlawing harassment.
- It set up the Equal Opportunities Commission who could bring court cases against those not compliant with the Act. However, only 9 investigations were launched in 8 years and only 10% of sex discrimination claims were successful.
9
Q
How did women make economic progress?
A
- Women were able to take out mortgages after 1971.
- The Equal Pay Act came into force in 1975. Women’s wages went up from 59 to 70% of mens by 1977.
- The Employment Protection Act 1975 introduced paid maternity leave and outlawed dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy.
- Barbara Castle was instrumental in steering through reforms like the Social Security Pensions Act.
10
Q
How were there continued inequalities for women?
A
- Trade Unions were still dominated by men, with many fearing women in the workforce would suppress mens wages.
- It wasn’t until 1979 that the TUC published the Equality for Women within Trade Unions charter.
- Employers could also get around the Equal Pay Act by making tasks slightly different in work.
11
Q
What was the Immigration Act 1971?
A
- Restricted the right of people from the New Commonwealth coming to Britain unless they had a guaranteed job and one grandparent born in Britain.
12
Q
What was the influx of Ugandan Asians?
A
- In the early 70s Idi Amin expelled Asians, 28,000 arrived in Britain as Heath made them exceptions from the Immigration Act.
13
Q
What was the influx of immigrants by 1974 and their political success?
A
- Over 1 million - mainly from the West Indies and India and Pakistan.
- Only 10 non-white councillors elected in the 1974 London Borough council elections - this only went up to 35 in 1978, not reflecting the extent of the immigrant population.
14
Q
What was the 1976 Race Relations Act?
A
- Tried to tackle discrimination on the grounds of race, setting ho a Commission for Racial Equality to investigate cases and compel witnesses.
15
Q
What was the National Front and it’s impact?
A
- Founded in 1967, the group became very active in the 70s, campaigning in provocative areas in London boroughs. It grew to 20,000 members in the 70s, putting up 90 candidates in the 1974 election and being described as Britains 4th biggest political party.
- They indicated the ongoing concern over immigration, especially in the Conservative Party.
