Societal Responses

Question 1

Social contract

Answer 1

the idea that people agree to give up some personal freedoms in exchange for protection and order provided by the government or society.

Question 2

Medicalization & Demedicalization

Answer 2

Medicalization: when a normal human experience or behavior is redefined and treated as a medical issue or illness.
Ex. ADHD

Demedicalization: when something that was once seen as a medical issue is no longer treated as one.
Ex. homosexuality

Question 3

Hagan (1985)

Answer 3

Offers 7 purposes of criminal sanctions:

1. Restraint or incapacitation
2. Individual or specific deterrence
3. General deterrence
4. Reform or rehabilitation
5. Moral affirmation or symbolism
6. Retribution
7. Restitution or compensation

Question 4

5 central pains of imprisonment Sykes (1958)

Answer 4

1. Deprivation of liberty
2. Deprivation of goods and services
3. Deprivation of heterosexual relationships
4. Deprivation of autonomy
5. Deprivation of security

Question 5

Juvenile Correctional Facilities

Answer 5

Incarcerated
youth experience the same pains of imprisonment
as their adult counterparts, but juvenile institutions
generally have more of a focus on rehabilitation, so there is more emphasis on education and programming (such as therapy groups for anger management, victim empathy, or drug and alcohol issues).

Question 6

collateral consequences
of imprisonment

Answer 6

the indirect, long-term effects of being imprisoned — beyond just serving time in jail or prison.
* Employment barriers
* Social stigma
* Mental/Physical health issues

Question 7

Felon disenfranchisement

Answer 7

the loss of voting rights for individuals who have been convicted of a felony

Question 8

Total Institutions

Answer 8

Perhaps the most severe form of social control is institutionalization.

Question 9

Purpose and principles of sentencing in the Criminal Code of Canada

Answer 9

Objectives:
* Denounce unlawful conduct
* Deter the offender from committing offences
* Seperate offender from society
* assist in rehabilitation
* Provide reperation for harm
* Promote sense of responsibility in offenders

Question 10

Sentencing options

Answer 10

• Imprisonment
• Intermittent sentence - serve time in short seperate periods
• Conditional sentence - serve sentence in community
  Ex. House arrest
• Probation - period of supervision
• Conditional discharge - Offender is not sentenced to prison but must meet certain conditions
• Absolute discharge - Released without any punishment
• Fines - monetary penalty
• restorative justice - Repairing harm between victim, offender, community
• Restitution - compensate victim for financial losses
• community service - unpaid work for the community
• Community-based sanctions - alternative punishments to prison Ex. probation