Societal Ideologies

Question 1

Monarchism (Neoclassicism)

Answer 1

• individual inherits gov. power (Eng King and Queen)
• response to desire for security/unity
• Robert Filmer said they have divine right
• Authoritarian paradigm (order/conformity)
• Politics of court
• inherited social position
• heavy social regulation (small group rule masses)
• Orthodoxy enforced (strict obedience)

Question 2

Liberalism (Classical/Romanticism)

Answer 2

• Elected officials gov
• response to monarchs failure of rights
• John Locke made social contract (gov ensure protect rights)
• libertarian paradigm (individual freedom)
• balance rights
• social position earned
• small gov regulates that no big gov will take away rights
• heterodoxy ideology allowed (individual liberty)

Question 3

Conservatism (Classical/Realism)

Answer 3

• gov by maintaining of institutions, little change
• response to liberalism putting individual over community
• Edmund Burke said historical experience is more valuable than abstract theory
• equality leads to tyranny
• authoritarian paradigm
• politics of mistrust
• heavy social regulation
• Orthodoxy ideology
• state/church teach social discipline

Question 4

Progressivism (Naturalism)

Answer 4

• gov by experts reforming society
• response to conservatism’s inequality and corruption
• Eduard Bernstein said reform from the top down
• libertarian paradigm
• politics of nurture (humans need guidance)
• social position equalized
• heavy social regulation by experts
• heterodoxy ideology
• social standards hide inequalities

Question 5

Anarchism (Symbolism)

Answer 5

• gov by voluntary contract, not law
• response to progressivism’s individual rights
• Josiah Warren said it gave exclusive control of body/life
• libertarian paradigm
• politics from cooperation
• social position renewed and always changing
• little social regulation because any gov is harmful
• heterodoxy ideology
• appeal towards it is no state/religion to enslave you
• sudden forced change

Question 6

Nationalism (Expressionism)

Answer 6

• gov by superior peoples nation
• response to anarchism alienation relationship of individual and community
• Ferdinand Tonnies said Gemeinshaft (community) and Gesellshaft (individuality)
• authoritarian paradigm
• social position heredity
• social regulation heavy (maintain nation interests)
• orthodoxy ideology
• universal culture appeal