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ZSV > socialism, liberalism, conservatism > Flashcards

socialism, liberalism, conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

Liberalism

A

a political philosophy valuing individual freedom and aiming to create a society where everyone can pursue their own interests

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2
Q

Individualism

A

the belief in the importance and rights of each person as an individual

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3
Q

rationalism

A

the practice of basing opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response

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4
Q

freedom

A

the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint

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5
Q

justice

A

the quality of being fair and reasonable

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6
Q

toleration

A

the acceptance of different beliefs, practices and behaviors

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7
Q

meritocracy

A

a system in which people are rewarded and advanced based on their abilities and achievements rather than their status or wealth

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8
Q

divirsity

A

a range of different things or people

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9
Q

plurarism

A

a condition or system in which multiple groups, principles, sources of authority, etc. coexist

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10
Q

consent

A

permission for something to happen or an agreement to do something

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11
Q

constitutionalism

A

the belief in limiting governmental power by a written constitution

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12
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system in which country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by state

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13
Q

intervention

A

the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation, to improve ii or prevent from getting worse

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14
Q

social democracy

A

a political, social and economic philosophy that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented economy

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15
Q

feudalism

A

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military ptotection

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16
Q

tenant translation

A

nájemník

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17
Q

homage translation

A

pocta

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18
Q

welfare reform

A

changes to the regulations governing a welfare system, typically aiming to reduce government assistance or to alter the social support mechanisms in place for poor and unemployed

19
Q

liberalisms beliefs

A
  1. every person is unique and capable of making reasonable decisions
  2. everyone should have the greatest amount of freedom possible, as long as it doesn’t limit the freedom of others
  3. all individuals should have equal rights and opportunities
  4. people should earn rewards based on their talents or hard work
20
Q

liberal democracy

A

consent and constitutionalism

21
Q

types of liberalism

A

classical and modern

22
Q

classical liberalism

A

“minimal state” - government should only focus on keeping order and protecting people’s safety, government’s interference should be minimal

23
Q

modern liberalism

A

more supportive of the government playing an active role, especially in correcting the unfair aspects of capitalism

24
Q

conservatism

A

a political attitude, defined by the desire to conserve and a resistance to change

25
Q

tradition

A

the values, practices and institutions that have been passed down through generations and are considered to be “tested by time”

26
Q

organic society

A

the concept that institutions and values arise naturally and should be preserved to safeguard the societal “fabric”

27
Q

authority

A

seen as the basis for social cohesion, providing individuals with a sense of identity and expectations

28
Q

authoritarian conservatism

A

a starkly autocratic and reactionary form of conservatism, emphasizing government “from above” to establish order

29
Q

paternalistic conservatism

A

advocates “reform from above” over “revolution from below” and argues that the wealthy have an obligation to care for the poor

30
Q

libertarian conservatism

A

advocates maximum economic liberty and minimal government regulation, combining traditional social philosophy with an emphasis on authority and duty

31
Q

individual freedom

A

the power or right to act, speak or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint

32
Q

conservatism emphasizes

A

1.tradition, stability, continuity within a society,
2. gradual changes over sudden radical reforms,
3. preserving the cultural, social and political heritage of a community

33
Q

Father of conservatism

A

Edmund Burke, argued that society should evolve slowly, respecting the wisdom embedded in its traditions and customs, abrupt changes imposed by radical ideologies could lead to chaos and societal breakdown

34
Q

key principles of conservatism

A

1.tradition and order
2. skepticism of rapid change
3. individual responsibility
4. limited government
5. economic freedom
6. national sovereignty

35
Q

socialism

A

belief against capitalism, believes in teamwork, equality, ending class differences

36
Q

types of socialism

A

utopian, scientific, revolutionary, reformist

37
Q

utopian socialism

A

focuses on moral values, saying socialism is better than capitalism because its based on kindness and caring for others

38
Q

scientific socialism

A

says history shows socialism will naturally replace capitalism. it looks at the facts and patterns in history

39
Q

revolutionary socialism

A

believes in changing society through revolution, thinking that the current system cant be fixed

40
Q

reformist socialism

A

wants to achieve socialism through democracy and peaceful changes, blending socialism with democratic ideas

41
Q

socialism started

A

because of unfair conditions faced by workers when industrial capitalism began

42
Q

socialism historical examples

A

Soviet Union, China, Cuba, East Germany, Venezuela

43
Q

socialism key principles

A

society without class division, production were owned by the community, full control by government, elimination of private property, collective ownership, redistribution of wealth, progressive taxation, provision of public goods and services

44
Q

The Czech Republic

A

1948 - after ww2 czechoslovakia became a communist state under Soviet influence
1968 - prague spring, political liberalization, “socialism with a human face” by Alexander Dubcek - ended by the Warsaw Pact invasion
1989 - transition towards democracy, Velvet revolution, velvet divorce

ZSV (3 decks)

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