Socialism, Communism, and Capitalism

Question 1

Socialism

Answer 1

political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 2

Ulopia

Answer 2

an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect. The word was first used in the book Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More.

Question 3

Robert Owens

Answer 3

was a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He worked in the cotton industry in Manchester before setting up a large mill at New Lanark in Scotland.

Question 4

Karl Marx

Answer 4

Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist famous for his ideas about capitalism and communism. Marx, in conjunction with Friedrich Engels, published “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848; later in his life, he wrote “Das Kapital,” which discussed the labor theory of value.

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 6

Prolelanat

Answer 6

workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Question 7

Democrative

Answer 7

relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.

Question 8

Socialism

Answer 8

transitional social state between the overthrow of capitalism and the realization of communism.

Question 9

Communist Manifesto

Answer 9

The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Question 10

Capitalism

Answer 10

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 11

Thomas Mafthus

Answer 11

The Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus FRS was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography. Malthus himself used only his middle name, Robert.

Question 12

David Ricardo

Answer 12

David Ricardo was a British political economist. He was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and James Mill.

Question 13

Dictatorship

Answer 13

government by a dictator.

Question 14

Laissez-faire

Answer 14

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Question 15

Adam Smith

Answer 15

Adam Smith is one of the world’s most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to Adam Smith and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history.

Question 16

Frederick. Engels

Answer 16

Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist, and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx.

Question 17

Declaration of rights of woman

Answer 17

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges

Question 18

Suffrage

Answer 18

the right to vote in political elections.

Question 19

Romanticism

Answer 19

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 20

Realism

Answer 20

Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement.

Question 21

Naturalism

Answer 21

style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.

Question 22

Beethoven

Answer 22

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.

Question 23

Mark Twan

Answer 23

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.

Question 24

Cartography

Answer 24

the science or practice of drawing maps.

Question 25

Social Darwinism

Answer 25

the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Question 26

Charles Darwin

Answer 26

Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Question 27

Albert. Einstein

Answer 27

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. Einstein’s work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.

Question 28

Relativity

Answer 28

the absence of standards of absolute and universal application.

Question 29

Sigmund. Freud

Answer 29

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Question 30

Moderism

Answer 30

Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 31

Impressionism

Answer 31

The artists like to capture their images without detail but with bold colors. Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir. Manet influenced the development of impressionism.

Question 32

Monet

Answer 32

Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement’s philosophy of expressing one’s perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting.

Question 33

Natural. Selection

Answer 33

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time.

Question 34

Pyotr. l lch

Answer 34

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, often anglicized as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the late-Romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire.