socialism Flashcards
what are the 4 types of fundamentalist socialism
- marxism
- marxist-leninism
-democratic socialism - neo-marxism
4 key points of fundamental socialism
- believes capitalism must be abolished
- based on original writings of marx and engles
- some elements are revolutionary
- radical socilaism on the far left of spectrum
3 types of revisionism socialism
- classical revisionism
- social democracy
- the third way
karl marx dates
1818-1883
karl marx key works
the communist manifest 1848
das kapital 1867
rosa luxemburg dates
1871-1919
rosa Luxembourg key work
reform or revolution 1900
beatrice webb dates
1858-1943
beatrice webb key work
the minority report of poor law commission 1909
date of the writing of the original clause IV by beatrice webb
1918
anthony crosland dates
1918-1977
Anthony croslands key work
the future of socialism 1956
anthony giddens dates
1938-
anthony giddens key work
beyond left and right 1994
define altruism
people naturally think of others first
define fraternity
a relationship of warmth generosity towards others and a desire to work with them
define solidarity
cooperation not competition
karl marx key views on human nature
- human nature has been contaminated by capitalism
- false consciousness
- capitalism has made people individualistic
- people were naturally and originally fraternal, altruistic and cooperative
marx key views on the state
- existing liberal-bourgeois state must be destroyed with a revolution and rplaced with a new socialist state –> dictatorship of the proletariat
marx key views on society
- class conflict
- a communist society will be the perfect end of history
marx key views on the economy
- capitalism economy will be replaced by an economy based on collective ownership
- corrup, inefficient and self destructive
luxemburgs key views on human nature
- HN has been damaged to the extent marx alleged
- fraternity and altruism still flourish in a working class community punished by capitalism
luxemburgs key views on the state
- the existing capitalist state must be destroyed by a spontaneous revolution, arising from mass strike action
- the state should be replaced by a genuine democracy, completed with free speech and free elections
luxemburgs key views on society
- capitalist society is class-ridden and morally indefensible
- instead of dictatorship of the proletariat she wanted a socialist democracy which had common ownership and elected leaders
luxemburgs key views on the economy
- the current economy needs necessary destruction and replacement by an economy based on workers control and will require determination and solidarity among the proletariat
webbs key views on human nature
- capitalism is a ‘corrupting force’ for human nature making humans unnaturally selfish and greedy
- humanity needs to be guided back, gradually, to its original cooperative condition
webbs key views on the state
- webb argued that sociualism was inevitable but it would be delivered gradually through political reform by the state –> the inevitablility of gradualism
webbs key views on society
- webb identified that ‘crippling poverty and demeaning inequality’ are the by products of the social structures of capitalism
–> poverty cannot be tackled through paternalism or charity it can only be tacked by moving from capitalism to socialism
webbs key views on the economy
- a chaotic capitalism economy will gradually be replaced by one which secures for workers the full fruits of their labour based upon a common ownership of the means of production
croslands key views on human nature
- believed humans were rational and can be improved by social progress
- socal equality would create greater cooperatoon and community by reducing class distinctions
croslands key views on the state
socialism parties should focus on the eradication of poverty and the creation of a more equal society
- this should be done not by attacking the right and dividing society on class lines but should be spending more on public services and education in order to achieve a fairer and more equal society
croslands key views on society
- emphasised the ending of segregation and selections in school education to provide comprehensive education for all –> break down barriers of classes and provide equality of opportunity for all
croslands key views on the economy
- mixed economy, underpinned by limited public ownership and keynesian economics to keep delivering growth and ensure full employment
- progressive taxing and redistribution of wealth via the welfare state and public services
–> in order to promote social equality and tackle poverty
giddens key views on human nature
- human nature should be seen positively
- with free market empowering the individual economically - giving them freedom
- capitalims and individualism are irreversible and any future project towards greater equality would have to take this into account
giddens key views on the state
- the existing liberal state should be improved
- by redistributing and decentralising political power while encouraging greater political participation
giddens key views on society
society has undergone embourgeoisemnet
giddens key views on the economy
- neo-liberal economy
- propelled by privatisation and deregulation will provide huge tax yields
- this will finance huge increated public spending which will secure freater equality of opportunity
