socialism

Question 1

what are the 4 types of fundamentalist socialism

Answer 1

• marxism
• marxist-leninism
  -democratic socialism
• neo-marxism

Question 2

4 key points of fundamental socialism

Answer 2

• believes capitalism must be abolished
• based on original writings of marx and engles
• some elements are revolutionary
• radical socilaism on the far left of spectrum

Question 3

3 types of revisionism socialism

Answer 3

• classical revisionism
• social democracy
• the third way

Question 4

karl marx dates

Answer 4

1818-1883

Question 5

karl marx key works

Answer 5

the communist manifest 1848
das kapital 1867

Question 6

rosa luxemburg dates

Answer 6

1871-1919

Question 7

rosa Luxembourg key work

Answer 7

reform or revolution 1900

Question 8

beatrice webb dates

Answer 8

1858-1943

Question 9

beatrice webb key work

Answer 9

the minority report of poor law commission 1909

Question 10

date of the writing of the original clause IV by beatrice webb

Answer 10

1918

Question 11

anthony crosland dates

Answer 11

1918-1977

Question 12

Anthony croslands key work

Answer 12

the future of socialism 1956

Question 13

anthony giddens dates

Answer 13

1938-

Question 14

anthony giddens key work

Answer 14

beyond left and right 1994

Question 15

define altruism

Answer 15

people naturally think of others first

Question 16

define fraternity

Answer 16

a relationship of warmth generosity towards others and a desire to work with them

Question 17

define solidarity

Answer 17

cooperation not competition

Question 18

karl marx key views on human nature

Answer 18

• human nature has been contaminated by capitalism
• false consciousness
• capitalism has made people individualistic
• people were naturally and originally fraternal, altruistic and cooperative

Question 19

marx key views on the state

Answer 19

• existing liberal-bourgeois state must be destroyed with a revolution and rplaced with a new socialist state –> dictatorship of the proletariat

Question 20

marx key views on society

Answer 20

• class conflict
• a communist society will be the perfect end of history

Question 21

marx key views on the economy

Answer 21

• capitalism economy will be replaced by an economy based on collective ownership
• corrup, inefficient and self destructive

Question 22

luxemburgs key views on human nature

Answer 22

• HN has been damaged to the extent marx alleged
• fraternity and altruism still flourish in a working class community punished by capitalism

Question 23

luxemburgs key views on the state

Answer 23

• the existing capitalist state must be destroyed by a spontaneous revolution, arising from mass strike action
• the state should be replaced by a genuine democracy, completed with free speech and free elections

Question 24

luxemburgs key views on society

Answer 24

• capitalist society is class-ridden and morally indefensible
• instead of dictatorship of the proletariat she wanted a socialist democracy which had common ownership and elected leaders

Question 25

luxemburgs key views on the economy

Answer 25

• the current economy needs necessary destruction and replacement by an economy based on workers control and will require determination and solidarity among the proletariat

Question 26

webbs key views on human nature

Answer 26

• capitalism is a ‘corrupting force’ for human nature making humans unnaturally selfish and greedy
• humanity needs to be guided back, gradually, to its original cooperative condition

Question 27

webbs key views on the state

Answer 27

• webb argued that sociualism was inevitable but it would be delivered gradually through political reform by the state –> the inevitablility of gradualism

Question 28

webbs key views on society

Answer 28

• webb identified that ‘crippling poverty and demeaning inequality’ are the by products of the social structures of capitalism
  –> poverty cannot be tackled through paternalism or charity it can only be tacked by moving from capitalism to socialism

Question 29

webbs key views on the economy

Answer 29

• a chaotic capitalism economy will gradually be replaced by one which secures for workers the full fruits of their labour based upon a common ownership of the means of production

Question 30

croslands key views on human nature

Answer 30

• believed humans were rational and can be improved by social progress
• socal equality would create greater cooperatoon and community by reducing class distinctions

Question 31

croslands key views on the state

Answer 31

socialism parties should focus on the eradication of poverty and the creation of a more equal society
- this should be done not by attacking the right and dividing society on class lines but should be spending more on public services and education in order to achieve a fairer and more equal society

Question 32

croslands key views on society

Answer 32

• emphasised the ending of segregation and selections in school education to provide comprehensive education for all –> break down barriers of classes and provide equality of opportunity for all

Question 33

croslands key views on the economy

Answer 33

• mixed economy, underpinned by limited public ownership and keynesian economics to keep delivering growth and ensure full employment
• progressive taxing and redistribution of wealth via the welfare state and public services
  –> in order to promote social equality and tackle poverty

Question 34

giddens key views on human nature

Answer 34

• human nature should be seen positively
• with free market empowering the individual economically - giving them freedom
• capitalims and individualism are irreversible and any future project towards greater equality would have to take this into account

Question 35

giddens key views on the state

Answer 35

• the existing liberal state should be improved
• by redistributing and decentralising political power while encouraging greater political participation

Question 36

giddens key views on society

Answer 36

society has undergone embourgeoisemnet

Question 37

giddens key views on the economy

Answer 37

• neo-liberal economy
• propelled by privatisation and deregulation will provide huge tax yields
• this will finance huge increated public spending which will secure freater equality of opportunity