socialism

Question 1

what were Marx and Engels key ideas?

Answer 1

• social class is central to socialism
• only under communism can the best of human nature be expressed

Question 2

what are the three elements of marxism?

Answer 2

1. historical materialism
2. dialectical change
3. class consciousness

Question 4

what is historical materialism?

Answer 4

• the economic system has always influenced every other aspect of society

Question 5

what is dialectical change?

Answer 5

• there has always been a struggle between the ‘haves and the have-nots’
• this will only end with the establishment of a communist society

Question 6

what is class consciousness?

Answer 6

• before the revolution can take place, the proletariat must first be aware of their own identity and establish how their goals are to be pursued
• in a materialistic society, the individual cannot realise his or her full potential, whereas if private property and class differences are eliminated, he or she can become a fully rounded individual

Question 7

what were Beatrice Webb’s key ideas?

Answer 7

• Disagreed with the idea of class struggle.
• Favoured achieving socialist goals through democratic methods, known as evolutionary socialism.
• Criticised direct democracy, preferring representative democracy with a capable governing class to promote socialist ideals.
• Supported a larger state to implement socialism for the general population.
  Emphasised central planning of the economy as crucial.
• Initially supported Stalinist Russia, thinking its planning was in the public interest and would benefit society as a whole without being driven by profit.