Socialisation, culture and identity

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Artistic and intellectual activities (theatre/art). The entire way of life of a particular society. The whole system of behaviour and beliefs of a society or group (language/fashion/music/traditions/lifestyle).

Question 2

Example of culture: The Hamar tribe

Answer 2

A culture rich in ceremony and ritual. To reach adulthood, Hamar males must leap onto the backs of cattle and run across them, while the women are whipped before to prove their devotion to men.

Question 3

Values

Answer 3

Beliefs and ideas that society sees as important, and that are accepted by the majority of society. Values guide our behaviour. Examples include respect, family, and honesty.

Question 4

Norms

Answer 4

Expected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture. Examples include wearing clothes in public based on the value of modesty, using your knife and fork is based on the value of hygiene and manners, and joining the back of a queue is based on the value of fairness.

Question 5

Norms and values

Answer 5

Norms are linked to values. We perform certain behaviours because we hold certain beliefs. The norms and values of any culture are relative and are not fixed (wearing clothes is a norm when in public but not if you are in the shower). They are not the same for all people in all situations. Norms and values can also change over time (smoking in pubs used to be the norm but over time has become more deviant). Those who do not follow the norms of society are considered deviant, which could lead to sanctions.

Question 6

Cultural diversity

Answer 6

The differences and variety found in societies. Can be seen between cultures (intercultural diversity) and within cultures (intracultural diversity).

Question 7

Intracultural diversity

Answer 7

Differences within a culture. For example, the cultures of different ethnic groups within the UK.

Question 8

Intercultural diversity

Answer 8

Differences between a culture. For example,