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AS Sociology > Socialisation & Culture > Flashcards

Socialisation & Culture Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a norm?

A

Expected behaviour.

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2
Q

What is a custom?

A

Something people always do in a particular way.

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3
Q

What is a value?

A

General standards.

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4
Q

What is rite of passage?

A

And event which marks a change in someone’s life.

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5
Q

What is a ritual?

A

Actions that are regularly performed on a special occasion.

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6
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

A society which contains many different cultures within it.

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7
Q

What is cultural transmission?

A

The passing down of customs from different cultures.

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8
Q

What is material culture?

A

Physical things that people attach an emotional meaning to. (ie.football shirt)

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9
Q

What is a non-material culture?

A

Ideas that people share according to rules, traditions, customs etc.

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10
Q

What is a sub-culture?

A

A culture within a culture.

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11
Q

What is formal social control?

A

Institutions consist of the legal system and the police. (Police, schools, army)

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12
Q

What is informal social control?

A

Taught as children about what is acceptable and unacceptable. (Positive and negative re-enforcement)

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13
Q

What are mores?

A

Ways of behaving that are seen as good or moral.

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14
Q

What are roles?

A

Expected behaviour for a situation we find ourselves in.

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15
Q

What are beliefs?

A

Trust, faith and confidence in something. (Culture, religion)

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16
Q

What is nativism?

A

The theory your characteristics are based on your genetics.

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17
Q

What is the nature theory?

A

Human biology effects the way we act. (A less extreme version of nativism)

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18
Q

What is the nurture theory?

A

The way we act depends on the way we are brought up and how we are socialised.

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19
Q

What are feral children?

A

Children that have little or no human contact. (Eventually becoming wild)

20
Q

What is deviance?

A

Not acting in a way that is socially acceptable however it’s not against the law.

21
Q

What is criminality?

A

Committing a crime.

22
Q

What is cultural diversity?

A

To describe the difference is in behaviour between cultures.

23
Q

What does static mean?

A

Lacking movement, action or change.

24
Q

What is a collectivist culture? And an example

A

Belonging to a group is more important than individual freedom. For example China.

25
Q

What is a individualistic culture? And a example.

A

Emphasises individual freedom and person gain, often at the expense of others. For example Europe.

26
Q

Who came up with the 3 stages of socialisation?

A

Talcott Parsons

27
Q

What were the three stages of socialisation? (Parsons)

A
  • primary socialisation
  • secondary socialisation
  • tertiary socialisation
28
Q

Who are the primary socialisers?

A

Parents, take values and beliefs from them.

29
Q

Who are the secondary socialisers?

A

Teachers, friends, media. Socialising is takes place outside the home and teaches what the wider society expects.

30
Q

What is tertiary socialisation?

A

Adapting to new situations. Changing jobs, becoming a parent.

31
Q

What is ethnocentricity?

A

Believing you culture is right-judging things through the lens of your culture.

32
Q

What is the hypodermics syringe model?

A

The media injects information into people’s minds. (mainly towards children because they are vulnerable)

33
Q

What is the formal curriculum?

A

The information that is taught in timetabled lessons.

34
Q

What is the hidden curriculum?

A

A set of rules and beliefs that are taught unintentionally. (ie. Turn up on time)

35
Q

What is sex?

A

Biological differences in men and women.

36
Q

What is gender?

A

Culturally created differences between a man and woman.

37
Q

What is gender identity?

A

The way you view yourself and the way others view you, in terms of their gender roles.

38
Q

What are gender roles?

A

Pattern of behaviour that is expected from either sex.

39
Q

What is manipulation?

A

Treating girls and boys differently.
Girls-treated gently
Boys-rough and tumble

40
Q

What is canalisation?

A

Channelled into appropriate activities.(toys)
Girls-dolls, kitchens
Boys-cars, footballs

41
Q

What is differential activity exposure?

A

Exposed and encouraged to do different activities.
Girls-dusting, baking
Boys-raking leaves, cleaning the car

42
Q

What did Modood say?

A

He said ‘in addition to language, there may be food, dress and family traditions that teach ethnicity’

43
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

People who share cultures.

44
Q

What did Oakley say?

A

Children learn expected behaviour for their gender through primary socialisation processes.

45
Q

What is canteen culture?

A

Understanding other people, needed in a lot of workplaces, need to know how to deal with certain problems and attitudes.

46
Q

What is collective conscience and who suggested it?

A

Derkhelm, it’s impossible to have social life without socially accepted values and norms. (eg. Religion)

47
Q

What did William’s say?

A

William’s said culture is a way of life.

AS Sociology (2 decks)

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