Socialisation Flashcards
What is Primary socialisation?
Learning from the immediate family at home. A child adopts the beliefs and values of the family
What is secondary socialisation?
Learning what wider society expects of its members. This is acquired through agencies of socialisation eg friendship groups, education, the media and religious organisations
What is Tertiary socialisation?
This is adult socialisation and helps us adapt to new situations eg changing jobs, parenthood, disability or retirement
What’s a concept
An idea - concepts are used to create a theory
What is social policy?
A plan or action that the government puts into place to change or improve things
What is a theory?
A set of ideas used to explain how or why things are as they are
What are feral children?
Examples of how socialisation has NOT taken place
Genie - not had the opportunity to experience the learning from family or education as she had been in a room for 13 years completely isolated
Oxana Malaya
Raised by animals, no human affection or love. She acts like an animal rather than a child
Have not learnt norms and values of a culture
What is socialisation?
The process by which we learn acceptable cultural beliefs and behaviour. Learning norms and values of society
Factors that could impact on cultural diversity
Time
Globalisation
Immigration
Media
What is a subculture
A group who’s attitudes and values differ from those of the mainstream culture eg goths/emos, heavy metal, hippies - peace
give examples of how the family provide primary socialisation
Desire to achieve ambitions
eg. Do well at school
Ability to do things
eg. Cook/speak/walk
Learn social roles
eg. How to behave
Learn about interacting with others
eg.being polite
Ability to survive the outside world
eg. Cook
Pierre Bourdieu - Marxist
He calls these things HABITUS in the family
Claimed that because families share social backgrounds, ethnicity, values, accents, manners, patterns of thinking etc, this sets them apart from others
HABITUS
Deeply ingrained habits skills and dispositions or tastes that we possess due to our life experiences
Education is more of a middle class habitus, working class backgrounds may struggle if they aren’t surrounded by education - it is not familiar
Agencies of socialisation
FAMILY
Ann Oakley - Feminist perspective
Family socialisation - learning gender roles / sense of identity
Imitation
Eg makeup on girls
Role models
Eg girls get barbie dolls and boys get cars
Sanctions
Eg boys shouldn’t wear pink and girls shouldn’t wrestle
Expectations
Eg boys cry less than girls, men go to work, women look after the children
what does Talcott parsons -say about the Family
Claims socialisation is the process by which humans learn and internalise their cultures norms and values
Parsons believed marriage performed a vital function for society and the individual. He claimed the most important functions of the family was stability of the adult personality
Males have an instrumental role - earn money
Females have an expressive role - look after emotional well-being of the family and take care of the children
Peer groups Iona and Peter Opie
Early friendships - responsive to other children - the couple demonstrated children has street culture that excluded adults and is developed through play
What is Peer pressure?
Adolescent peer groups can be very supportive of eachother. Young people gain independence from families by belonging to friendship groups
Peer pressure is the process whereby people modify their behaviour in order to fit in
What is organic analogy?
Seeing society as a system.
Society works like a human body.
Institutions are like organs, parts fit together and depend on each other
If one or more of these institutions starts to malfunction the society becomes dysfunctional
What is social solidarity?
The idea of a well-integrated functioning society where all members have been socialised into its shared norms and values
What is value consensus?
A society functions well when there is agreement about values and this is achieved through socialisation
What is anomie?
Instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values or lack of purpose
What is meritocracy?
Social system based on jobs and pay allocated based on an individuals talent and achievements rather than social status.
What is the difference between achieve and ascribed status?
Achieved status is where we work hard to climb the social ladder - functionalists
Ascribed status is where we are born into a position in society which is fixed. For example, the royal family
Functionalism is a consensus theory, what does this mean?
Society is made up of interdependent institutions performing different roles and functions