Social Work Flashcards
Elements of traditional perspectives of families
- child centered
- chronological
- use structure to define family
- tend to pathologize and exclude many other families
categories of human rights
- human dignity
- civil and political rights
- economic and social rights
- solidarity rights
characteristics of alternative perspectives on families?
- inclusive
- validating
- flexible and dynamic
- use relationship to define family
three alternate family types
- family of origin (bio)
- family of procreation (marriage or childbearing)
- family of choice
types of organizations
- private for-profit
- private not-for-profit (NGOs)
- non-governmental (voluntary or civil sector)
what is workplace resistance (Baines)
a concept to explore front line practice in restructuring the workplace under various social elements
the four types of capital
- financial: money or property available for investment
- human: individual skills, knowledge, experience, creativity and motivation
- social: resources stored in relationships
- cultural: accumulation of cultural knowledge, skills and abilities
three primary functions of democratic leadership behaviour
- distributing responsibility
- empowerment
- aiding deliberation
organizational culture vs. organizational climate
culture: beliefs, values, norms, routines and traditions that are dependent on history and difficult to change
climate: perceptions and attitudes held by people with specific culture that can be influenced by what an organization does
mission statement vs. vision statement
mission: outlines an organizations purpose and what it does
vision: what an organization expects their mission will achieve
gemeinschaft vs. gesellschaft
gemeinschaft: ways of relatings based on shared tradition s, culture or way of life and a sense of mutual responsibility
gesellschaft: ways of relating based on contract-like exchange in which one member does something for another in order for that person to return the favour in goods, services, or money
what are the three traditional styles of leadership?
- democratic
- autocratic
- laissez-fair
three types of membership people have in a group?
- full/formal psychological
- marginal membership
- aspiring membership
critical self reflection
- process of analyzing one’s own biases, perspectives and privileges
- important to be self critical so that we can understand different people, practices, lifestyles, etc.
cultural capital
- sense of group consciousness and collective identity that serves as a resource aimed at the advancement of an entire group
- must be inherited or gained through formal schooling
social capital
- to describe resources that are neither traditional capital
- helps understand poverty, community development, helps get social support, help cope with everyday
ascribed status
permanent and based on characteristics or conditions not controlled by the individual (e.g., race)
differential vulnerability
theoretical explanation for the social status difference in the effects of exposure to social stressors
impairment vs. disability
impairment: actual health condition
disability: physical and social barriers
what is a paradigm?
- worldview/general perspective
- cultural patterns of group life
- constellation of beliefs, values, techniques
private for-profit organizations
- businesses and corporations with the primary goal of making a profit
governmental organizations
- comprise the public sector
- includes local, state, national and international governmental organizations
- e.g., public health, education and human services
private not-for-profit organizations (NGOs)
- non governmental
- make up the voluntary or civil sector
- include wide range of services funded by private citizens, fundraising, privately funded foundations
hawthorne effect
workers motivated to produce economic rewards and by informal factors
consensus vs. bureaucratic organizations
consensus: method of community organizing that focuses on finding and developing areas of mutual self-interest
bureaucratic: be a government agency or commercial business with a heavily enforced chain of command and tightly regulated operating process
what is community?
complex and can mean a variety of definitions ranging from individuals, groups, organizations and families, shared interests, regular interaction
non-place community
community in which attachment to a specific place or geographic territory is absent and not considered essential for a community to exist, e.g., LGTBQ+
intentional community
community designed and planned around a social ideal or collective values and interests, often involves shared resources and responsibilities
three community development approaches
- smart growth
- new urbanism
- ecological cities
basic principles of sustainability
- job-housing balance
- spacial integration of employment and transportation
- mixed land use
- use of locally produced clean and renewable energy sources
- energy and source
- efficient building and site design
- pedestrian access
- housing affordability, diversity
- higher density residential development
- protections of natural and bio functions
- resident involvement and empowerment
- social space
- sense of place
- inter-modal transportation connectivity
community building principles
- integrate community development and human service stages
- forge partnerships through collaboration
- build on community strengths
- start from local conditions
- foster broad community participation
- require racial equity
- value cultural strengths
- support families and children
adaptive strategies
observable social behavioural cultural patterns that promote the survival and well-being of the community, families and individual members
defines family as a variety of systems come together and interact with one another
blended family
household containing a child who is biologically related to only one of the adults
define a group
small face to face collection of persons who interact to accomplish some purpose
three goals human service agencies pursue
- social control goals
- rehabilitation goals
- goal displacement
five functions necessary to create a functioning community
- local participation in production and consumption of goods
- socialization and passing of knowledge
- social participation in organization
- social control to influence others
- mutual support for others in times of need
what is familiness?
traditional functions and responsibilities assigned by societies to families
what is kinship care?
full-time nurturing and protection of children who must be separated from their parent by relatives, step parents, etc.
ethnic stratification
social status or position based on race, religion or nationality
what is biculturalism?
ability to function in two worlds or cultural contexts
what is formal kinship?
legal arrangement in which the child welfare agency has custody of a child being placed with relatives
what is informal kinship?
when the child welfare agency facilitates the placement of a child but does not seek custody
what is hierarchy?
any system in which then distribution of power, privilege and authority are both systematic and unequal
what is plutocracy?
defined as a government rules exclusively by and for the benefit of a wealthy elite
what is a common nuclear family?
husband as breadwinner, wife as homemake, their offspring all living in a residence apart from their other relatives
what is a facilitator?
someone with multiple roles and responsibilities in the group
leader, mediator, conflict manager, or content expert
focused on task/product and the process/relationship dimension
what is socialization?
process of teaching new members the rules by which the larger group or society operates
pre-modern/pre-positivism social work
- centrality of church/sacred basis of determining truth and knowledge; feudal economy; history as divinely ordered
- humanism, scholasticism, protestantism
modernism/positivism social work
- centrality in secular humanism, individual reason and science in determining truth
- the industrial age, capitalism and bureaucracy as bases of economic life
- history as linear in the direction of constant progress driven by human rationality and science
postmodernism social work
- existing/traditional knowledge creation processes intensely questioned
- emphasis on multiple ways of knowing through processes that are not hierarchical
- feminist influenced and participatory
- economy based on info, technology and global capitalism
view of history as nonlinear, cyclical, continually rewritten
characteristics of traditional paradigms
- positivistic, scientific, objective, quantitative
- masculinity and patriarchy
- separate, impersonal and competitive
- privilege
characteristics of alternative paradigms
- interpretive, intuitive, subjective, qualitative
- feminisms
- diversity
- interrelatedness
- oppressions
what is the more recent version of the kinsey sexuality scale?
5 categories:
- heterosexuxal
- mostly heterosexual
- bisexual
- mostly gay/lesbian
- gay/lesbian
what are the different intelligences (multiple intelligence)?
- linguistic
- logial-mathematical
- spatial
- musical
- interpersonal
- interpersonal
legal custody vs. physical custody (grandparents as parents)
legal: right to authority of a parent, to make decisions concerning the child’s upbringing
physical: right to physical possession of the child
three possible grandparent as parent roles
- custodial grandparents: legal relationship with the grandchild
- day-care grandparents: not casual babysitters, provide grandchildren with daily care for extended periods
- living-with grandparents: assume parenting role that falls between that of custodial and day-care
product vs. process in groups
product = groups focus on the outcomes
process = primary concern is the internal group processes that occur
roles vs. norms in groups
roles: expectations about what is appropriate behaviour for persons in particular positions
norms: groups common beliefs regarding appropriate behaviour for members
conformity and deviance in groups
conformity: bringing one’s behaviours into alignment with a group’s expectations
deviance: violation of norms or rules of behaviour
idiosyncrasy credit
potential for individuals to behaviourally deviate from group norms without being sanctioned
product-focused roles
- initiator: propose tasks/goals
- info seeker: requests facts and seek relevant info about group concern
- info giver: offer info about group concern
- clarifier/elaborator: interpret and reflect back to ideas and suggestions
- summarizer: pull together related ideas
- consensus tester: checks with group periodically to see how much agreement there is to find out how close the group is to reaching a concensus
types of groups
- consciousness-raising groups
- treatment groups
- social action groups
- network and support groups
- skill groups
three things for a group to be effective
- goal achievement
- maintenance of good working relationships among members
- adaptation to changing environmental conditions that allow effectiveness to be maintained
the “iron law of oligarchy”
organizations serve the needs of only an elite few who gain control of the organizations
non-place community
community in which attachment to a specific place of geographic territory is absent and not considered essential for the community to exist
