Social Welfare: Its Business history And future Flashcards
What is the goal of Social Welfare
The goal of social welfare is to fulfill the social, Finacial, health and recreational needs of everyone in society.
What does social welfare aim to
Improve ?
Social welfare aims to support the well-being of all age groups, both rich and poor. When institutions like the economy and family can’t meet people’s basic needs, social services may be needed.
What does social welfare mean as an institution
A nation’s programs, benefits, and services that help people meet basic social, economic, educational, and health needs essential for society’s well-being.
What is social welfare?
programs and services from volunteers, nonprofits, and the government that help people in need.
It aims to improve the well-being of individuals, families, and society, and reduce social problems.
What are some examples of social welfare programs and services ?
Foster care, adoption, day care, head start, probation and parole, finacial assistance programs for individuals and families, Suicide education and prevention, public health nursing and so on
What are social welfare institutions and their purpose?
programs and organizations that help address social issues and improve people’s lives.
They are established by laws and policies and are run by both government (public) and private (volunteer) agencies.
Which 6 disciplines overlap with the knowledge base of social welfare?
Sociology
Psychology
Psychiatry
Political science
Economics
Cultural Anthropology
What is the definition of Sociology?
The study of society, social behavior, and how people interact within groups and institutions.
What is the definition of Psychiatry ?
A branch of medicine focused on diagnosing and treating mental health disorders.
What is the definition of Psychology ?
The study of the mind and behavior, including how people think, feel, and act.
What is the definition of Economics ?
The study of how people and societies use resources to produce goods and services and distribute them.
What is the definition of political science?
The study of government systems, political activities, and the behavior of people in political settings.
What is the definition of Cultural Anthropology ?
The study of human cultures, societies, and the customs, beliefs, and behaviors of different groups.
How do sociology, psychiatry, psychology, economics, political science, and cultural anthropology relate to social welfare?
Sociology: Helps understand how society affects people and shapes social welfare programs.
Psychiatry: Focuses on mental health, which is important for social welfare services.
Psychology: Helps understand human behavior, guiding support for individuals and families.
Economics: Looks at wealth distribution and poverty, influencing social welfare policies.
Political Science: Helps create laws and policies that affect social welfare programs.
Cultural Anthropology: Ensures social welfare programs consider different cultural needs
What are some examples of professional groups that are within the Social Welfare field ?
Social workers
Urban planners
Teachers
Psychiatrist
Psychologist
Physicians
Attorneys
Nurses
Recreational therapist
How do politics and social welfare connect?
Politics and social welfare are connected through the political processes that decide funding for social service programs.
How is social welfare related to human services?
Social welfare provides the programs and policies, while human services deliver those programs to help people in need.
What is the residual view in social welfare?
The residual view in social welfare sees help as a last option, given only when people can’t meet their needs on their own or with family support.
(This belief suggests that clients’ problems are their own fault, caused by personal flaws, poor choices, or mistakes.)
What is the institutional view in social welfare?
The institutional view sees support as a basic right, where society helps people prevent problems and maintain well-being.
(The belief that an individual’s difficulties are due to causes largely beyond their control)
for example a person may be unemployed due to lack of employment opportunities (the Great Depression)
What is the developmental view in social welfare ?
focuses on helping individuals and communities grow and improve by providing opportunities for education, skills, and personal development to enhance their well-being.
How does the developmental view in social welfare help liberals and conservatives meet in the middle?
The developmental view helps both sides by offering opportunities for everyone (important to liberals) while also encouraging personal responsibility and independence (important to conservatives). This creates a balance between support and self-sufficiency.
How did early European societies help those in need before the Industrial Revolution?
Before the Industrial Revolution, people in need, like children, the disabled, the poor, and the sick, were helped by their families, the church, and neighbors. In the feudal system, if a family couldn’t provide for its own, the feudal lord would help.
What caused the increase in people in need during the Middle Ages, and how did the Elizabeth Poor Law help?
During the Middle Ages, events like famines, wars, crop failures, pestilence, and the breakdown of the feudal system led to more people in need.
The Elizabeth Poor Law was created to help, requiring local communities to care for the poor, including the elderly and sick.
What were the poor laws in England, and how did they affect social welfare in the American colonies? (Elizabethan law 1601)
It was created during Queen Elizabeth I’s reign to reduce begging, which was seen as a nuisance by the ruling class, rather than focusing on poverty itself.
The law’s key provisions were later adopted in the American colonies, shaping modern social welfare systems.
What were the three categories of relief recipients under the Elizabethan Poor Law, and how were they supported?
The Able-bodied Poor: These people were given low-grade jobs and couldn’t receive financial help from citizens. Those who refused to work were punished, often by being placed in the stocks or jail.
The Impotent Poor: This group included the elderly, blind, deaf, mothers with young children, and those with disabilities. They were placed in almshouses or given outdoor relief (food, clothing, and fuel) if it was cheaper to care for them outside.
Dependent Children: Children whose families couldn’t support them were placed with other citizens. Boys learned a trade and worked until age 24, while girls worked as domestic servants until they were 21 or married
How did the Industrial Revolution grow in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, and what helped it develop?
The Industrial Revolution grew in Europe and America during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, mainly due to technological advances like the steam engine.
What does the Protestant ethic focus on?
The Protestant ethic focuses on individualism, hard work, self-discipline, and ambition, believing that people control their own fate.
How did the Protestant ethic and laissez-faire economics justify harsh business practices?
The Protestant ethic and laissez-faire economics justified harsh business practices like tough competition, monopolies, poor working conditions, low pay, long hours, and child labor. These ideas focused on individualism and minimal government control, allowing businesses to prioritize profit over workers’ well-being.
What did Darwin theorize about evolution?
Darwin theorized that higher forms of life evolved from lower forms through “survival of the fittest.” He observed that in nature, the weak are eliminated, and the strong survive, leading to evolutionary change.
What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution on cities, and how were social welfare needs met?
The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of large cities near factories, as many workers moved from rural areas for jobs.
To meet the needs of people in these cities, private social welfare services started in the 1800s, mainly by religious groups.
Since public social services were lacking, private agencies provided most of the help until the 1930s.
Who objected to Social Darwinism, and what was their view on social welfare?
Lester Ward objected to Social Darwinism.
He believed that humans, unlike animals, could create social welfare programs to help people. Ward argued that with social and economic controls, such programs would benefit everyone.
How did social welfare change in the early 1900s?
In the early 1900s, social welfare became more professional. Before this, it was mainly provided by untrained volunteers from middle and upper socioeconomic groups.
Who provided social services and financial help before 1930?
Before 1930, social services and financial help were mainly provided by churches and voluntary organizations.
What happened after the stock market crash of October 1929?
After the stock market crash in October 1929, many people lost their businesses, homes, and savings. It showed that the U.S. economy was heading into a severe depression. Unemployment rose from 3 million in 1929 to 15 million in 1933, with over 20% of workers jobless. Many banks closed, and farmers and business owners went bankrupt.
How did Herbert Hoover respond to unemployment relief during the Great Depression?
In 1931, some states started providing unemployment relief to prevent starvation. However, President Hoover believed only private charity should help the unemployed. He thought public relief would make people dependent on the government.
What is laissez-faire and what is social Darwinism?
Laissez-faire is the idea that the government should not interfere with business.
Social Darwinism is the belief that the strongest people or businesses survive, and social and economic inequalities are natural.
How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt respond to the Great Depression?
In 1933, Roosevelt proposed emergency programs to provide paid work for the unemployed. The Social Security Act of 1935 was passed, forming the basis for today’s social welfare programs.
What are the three major categories of social welfare programs?
Social Insurance: Provides insurance for unemployment, retirement, or death (e.g., unemployment compensation and Social Security).
Public Assistance: Offers help based on financial need, with programs like Aid to the Blind, Aid to the Disabled, Old Age Assistance, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). These were combined in 1974 into Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and replaced AFDC with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in 1996.
General Assistance: Provides support for individuals who don’t qualify for other programs, based on state and local policies.
What was the goal of the Social Security Act, and how did President Roosevelt view financial security?
The Social Security Act aimed to provide a decent living for all Americans. Roosevelt believed financial security should be a right, not charity, and that people needed it to avoid despair. From the 1930s to the 1980s, the federal government expanded its role in providing financial assistance through social programs.
What led to the expansion of social welfare programs in the 1960s?
In the 1960s, President Lyndon Johnson declared a “war on poverty” to create a “Great Society.” He highlighted that 1/5 of the population and nearly half of African Americans were in poverty. This led to programs like Head Start, Medicare, and Medicaid.
