Social Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Freud

Oral Stage

A
  • first year
  • id
  • drive = hunger
  • erogenous zone = mouth
  • nursing
  • drive for oral stimulation must be satisfied
  • by 12 months: ego established
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2
Q

Freud

id

A
  • drives
  • unconscious -> biological drives
  • hunger, sex, sleep
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3
Q

Freud

ego

A
  • the self
  • compromises between id and superego
  • ex) id wants food = ego finds a way to get food
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4
Q

Freud

superego

A
  • conscious
  • leads to guilt
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5
Q

Freud

Anal stage

A
  • 1 to 3 years
  • anus = erogenous zone
  • conflict with parents -> time when children potty train
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6
Q

Freud

Phallic stage

A
  • 3-6 years
  • gentials
  • oedipus or electra complex
  • resolved by identificaion with same-sex
  • superego
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7
Q

Freud

Latency period

A
  • 6-12 years
  • sexual urges repressed
  • acceptable pursuits
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8
Q

Freud

Genital stage

A
  • 12 years and beyond
  • sexual energy re-emerges
  • ego
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9
Q

What can go wrong?

Fixation

A
  • inadquate oral gratification
  • substitutes = nail-biting, overeating, smoking
  • harsh toilet training = anal retentive or anal expulsive
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10
Q

What can go wrong?

regression

A

going back to unresolved issue under pressure

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11
Q

What can go wrong?

Repression

A
  • you may have had some repression early on
  • don’t think about it
  • not resolving something early on and unwanted behaviors arrive later on
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12
Q

Freud’s Theory

A
  • came out of favor because tenets are untestable
  • lasting contributions
  • role of early experience
  • role of unconscious
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12
Q

Erikson: Psychosocial Development

A
  • picks up on idea that each stage must be passed successfully
  • each stage has “crisis” to be overcome
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13
Q

Erikson Stage 1

A
  • Basic Trust vs Mistrust
  • 0-1
  • establishing trust based on responsiveness to needs/provide love
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14
Q

Erikson Stage 2

A
  • Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
  • 1 - 3.5
  • conflict (conflicts freud)
  • execessive punishment -> shame and doubt
  • motor skills taking off
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15
Q

Erikson Stage 3

A
  • Intiative vs. Guilt
  • 4 - 6
  • Conscience (conflicts Freud) -> sense of right vs. wrong
  • Skills -> simple skills that you are working on
  • self-esteem
16
Q

Erikson Stage 4

A
  • Industry vs inferiority
  • 6 - puberty
  • Freud’s latency stage
  • being academically successful compared to peers -> SOCIAL COMPARISONS
17
Q

Erikson Stage 5

A
  • identity vs. role confusion
  • adolescence to early adulthood
  • think about place amongst peers/larger society
18
Q

Erikson Stage 6

A
  • intimacy vs. isolation
  • young adulthood
19
Q

Erikson Stage 7

A
  • Generativity vs. stagnation
  • middle adulthood
20
Q

Erikson stage 8

A
  • integrity vs. despair
  • old age
21
Q

Psychoanalytic theories: lasting impact

A
  • role of early experience and the unconscious in personality and emotional functioning
  • Erikson: insigths into development; identity; lifespan
22
Q

Learning =

A

behaviorism

23
Q

Behaviorism

A
  • Behaviors instead of mental states
  • reaction to psychology based on introspection
  • American school -> william james: by applying scientific principles, make psychology more like physics
24
Q

Classical conditioning

A

learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone

25
Q

operant conditioning

A

rewards and punishments

26
Q

Watson: a dozen infants

A

someones biology/temperment did not matter -> i train them what to do

27
Q

Skinner

A

behavior as sum of reinforcement history

28
Q

Parenting advice

A
  • schedules
  • avoid intermittent reinforcement (don’t give in)
  • behavior modification -> bed wetting
  • attention is a reinforcer (time-outs)
29
Q

systematic desensitization to

A

phobias

30
Q
A
30
Q
A