Social term 1 final Flashcards
1
Q
Where is Greece located in Europe
A
Southern east europe
2
Q
It’s is surrounded by water on how many sides
A
Three
3
Q
How is the Greek land
A
Mountainous and rugged
4
Q
How much percent of Greek land was rocky and difficult to farm on
A
70%
5
Q
Since they could not farm what did they rely on
A
Trade
6
Q
What did types of grind did the trade
A
Wheat,olive,olive oil, barley and grapes
7
Q
Greece is located at the southern end of which peninsula
A
Balkan
8
Q
What is a Greek city state called and what’s the plural
A
Polis (poleis)
9
Q
The cites had distinct
A
Political systems and methods of social organization
10
Q
What do the Greeks have in common
A
Religion and language
11
Q
Where was the Minoan civilization
A
On the island of Crete
12
Q
The Minoans worked as
A
Fishermen and sailors
13
Q
Their homeland was Between the main trade route of
A
egypt, Palestine, Western Asia, and North Africa
14
Q
Who conquered Crete
A
Mycenaeans
15
Q
What did they develop that was similar to the Minoans
A
Art, architecture and writing and their trade route in the Mediterranean
16
Q
Did Crete develop a system of writing
A
Yes
17
Q
King Minos of Crete son was killed by
A
The Athenian king
18
Q
What did king Minos of Crete do as revenge
A
He captured Athens and ordered that every nine years seven boys and seven girls are sent to Crete
19
Q
Who volunteered to go as one of the prisoners
A
The son of the Athenian king Theseus
20
Q
What was the name of the later Athenian king
A
King Aegeus
21
Q
What did king Aegeus tell his son to do as soon as he returned
A
To hoist white sails on his return as a sign of safety
22
Q
Who fell in love with Theseus when he arrived
A
King Minos of Cretes daughter Ariadne
23
Q
What did Ariadne give theseus
A
A ball of string and a sword
24
Q
What happened to the kids once they arrived in Crete
A
They were driven in a labyrinth they couldn’t get out of and then eaten by the Minotaur
25
Who is the Minotaur
A man with the head of a bull
26
What happened when Theseus found the Minotaur
He killed him
27
Who did Theseus flee with
Ariadne
28
What did Thesues forget to do
To raise the white sails when he returned
29
What did the king ageusdo when he saw the ship returning with black sails
He thought his son was dead so he threw himself in to the sea
30
What is the sea called after the king threw himself in the water
Aegean Sea
31
which palace did British archaeologists uncover the remains of
Knossos in Crete
32
What pictures were on the wall of the palace Knossos
Dressed women and athletic men
33
What were people somersaulting over in the Greek walls
Bulls
34
By 1250 BCE what made trade more difficult
Wars and piracy
35
Who caltured the Mycenaeans
Fierce mountain warriors called the Dorians
36
Dorians were armed with
Iron weapons
37
From which direction did the Dorians invade from
The north
38
Where did the people that were not enslaved by the Dorians escape to?
Attica in southeastern Greece
39
What are the people that escaped from the Dorians known as?
Ionians
40
What did the Greeks refer to the Dorian’s?
They referred to them as barbarians
41
What is the period that followed when the Mycenaean civilization was lost known as?
the Greek Dark Ages
42
In 1050 where were the new settlements founded?
Coast of the Aegean Sea in what is now northern Greece and the west coast of Asia Minor in modern Turkey
43
In around 700 BCE where had Greece established colonies?
Southern Italy, Western Asia, North Africa, southern France, northern coast of the Black Sea
44
Who did they continued to trade with?
Levant, Egypt, and the Black Sea
45
What did the gods and goddesses represent?
Humans
46
Who was Zeus?
He was the king of gods
47
Where do the Greek gods live?
Mount Olympus in northern Greece
48
What took place when Zeus was angry
Storms
49
Who was Zeus married to?
Hera
50
Who were Zeus’ brothers
Poseidon and hades
51
What did Zeus’ brothers rule
Poseidon ruled the seas, and Hades ruled the underworld
52
What was Demeter the goddess of?
Plants and harvest
53
Who is demeter’s daughter
Persephone
54
Who kidnapped Persephone, why
Hades, so he can make her his wife in the underworld
55
How did Demeter feel when Persephone was kidnapped
She was sad
56
What did Zeus do since Demeter was sad
He made Poseidon allow Persephone to return to earth for part of the year
57
What was Aphrodite the goddess of?
Love
58
Who were aphrodites children and what did they do?
Eros was her son and he made people fall in love by shooting them with his arrows and her daughter harmonica brought peace after war
59
Who was Athena the daughter of?
Zeus
60
What was Athena the goddess of?
Wisdom, she also protected Athens which was named in her honor
61
What was Apollo the god of?
God of art and the sun, he drew the sun across the sky each day in a chariot pulled by golden horses
62
Who was Artemis and what was she the goddess of?
She was apollos twin sister, she was the goddess of hunting and the moon, she drew the moon across the sky each night in a chariot pulled by silver stags
63
What was Hephaestus the god of?
Forging and fire
64
Who was the god of war?
Ares
65
What was Hermes the god of?
Travel, he also carried messages for the gods
66
What is an Oracle?
The Greek word for a priest, or priestess, who transmitted messages from the gods
67
What did the Greeks give in the temples dedicated for a God or goddesses?
In them, they performed rituals and gave sacrifices of fruits or animals to please the gods and as a place to stay when the gods visited the Earth
68
What was the most famous place for the Oracles?
The temple of Apollo at delphi
69
What did the king Croesus of Lydia want to do?
To invade the Persian empire
70
What did the oracle respond with when the king croesus of Lydia asked him if he should invade
He said a great kingdom would be destroyed
71
How was the message of an oracle often?
Confusing or ambiguous
72
What happened when the king croesus of Lydia launched his attack?
He was soundly beaten and forced to retreat then the Persians followed him to his capital city destroyed it and captured him. The Persian king had Croesus burnt alive and his kingdom was made part of the Persian empire
73
When did Homer live
Mid 8th century BCE
74
What did Homer compose
The Iliad and the odyssey
75
What was the Iliad about
The Iliad told the story of a 10 year long war between the Greeks, and the city of Troy, fought after the Trojan prince, which was named Paris he kidnapped Helen, the wife of a Greek king the poems main character was achilles a
invincible warrior
76
What was the odyssey about
The odyssey told the story of another Greek warrior in the Trojan, war, Odysseus and his epic journey home from the war
77
When did Hesiod live
around 700 BCE
78
What was hesiods main poem
Theogony
79
What did the theogony talk about
It contained many of the myths about the origins and deeds of the gods
80
Who wrote works and days
Hesiod
81
What is the poem works and days about
Works and days tells of the decline of mankind since the golden age of the heroes and of the myth of Pandora
82
Who is Pandora?
Pandora was the first woman sent to earth and disobeyed instructions when she opened the secret box, releasing all the problems of the world such as disease, old agent famine that had been locked up inside it
83
Greek Athletic contests were what type of celebration
Religious
84
Where were the athletic green contests often held?
Near the temples, dedicated to a certain god or goddess
85
At first, what was only run at these games?
Foot races
86
Overtime more events were added what were some of these events
Wrestling, boxing, hotse racing, and Pentathlon
87
Every how many years was the Olympic Games held?
Four years
88
In honor of who was the Olympics game held
Zeus
89
What was Olympia named after?
Mount Olympus
90
What happened to any war between the states when the Olympic games was held?
They were suspended
91
What did the citizens discuss at the athletic contests
Political problems, common military victory and agreed on alliances
92
What was the only actual prize at the Olympic Games?
Olive wreaths
93
But what did the cities offer the winners?
Money or sometimes free meals for life
94
What was a gymnasium
It was a school for athletes where trainers coach the man of the city in different sports, as well as physical training a gymnasium often provided an energy education and philosophy, literature, and music, and there was normally a library nearby
95
A significant divide in the Greek world was between those?
Those descended from the Dorians, and those descended from the Ionians
96
What was the most Doric state?
Sparta
97
Where was Sparta located?
Mountains of southwest Greece
98
What did the Spartans have a reputation for?
As harsh and fierce people
99
What were the slaves known as?
Helots
100
What did the helots farming the lands provide Sparta
Economic wealth
101
What led to the development of Spartas formidable army, and their disciplined society?
The need to control the slaves who vastly outnumbered the Spartans
102
The Spartans believe that their system of government and way of life had been ordered by the gods through their legendary ancestor?
Lycurgus
103
All male sport and citizens were members of an?
Assembly
104
Any law in Sparta had to be approved beforehand by
The 30 man council of elders
105
Who were the people that could propose a new law in the first place?
The ephors or the overseers
106
How many ephors or overseers were there at one time?
Five
107
Sparta system of government is often called an
Oligarchy
108
Monarchy
Ruled by one person
109
Democracy
Rule by all citizens together
110
Theocracy
Religious group or leader
111
Aristocracy
Ruled by a small class of people whose power is inherited by their children
112
Tyranny
Ruled by one person with no restrictions on his power in simpler way a harsh ruler
113
Until how old did Spartan males serve as soldiers and live in communal barracks together?
30
114
Only after they were 30 years old, they could
Return to living with their families
114
at what age was a male child sent away from his family to military school
7
115
Until what age did Sparta continue military service?
60
116
How were Spartan woman different from other greek states?
Spartan women practice, gymnastics, and learning about their duties to the state of Sparta
117
True or false spartan woman had the most freedom from other Greek states
True
118
How did the Spartans live?
A simple life without luxuries
119
How did Spartans live equally?
Lando handed out to all the citizens to ensure no citizen was poor. Some Spartans did become richer than others, but display of what were found upon meals were often eaten in large public calls, so that no one could find food while others were not.
120
what are all these measures against luxury used to encourage in Sparta?
To encourage loyalty among the spartan soldiers, and prevent jealousy or divisions
121
How did Sparta feel about foreigners?
They were suspicious of foreigners, and considered them corrupt and weak
122
What was the most important Ionian state?
Athens
123
Where did Athens lay?
On on the coast of the region of Attica
124
How long in square kilometers was Athens
1600 km²
125
What is the population of Athens?
400,000
126
What did the Athenians grow?
Rich olive crops
127
What did Athens control?
Important silver mines
128
What were some materials the Athenians needed?
Timber for building ships and other sources of foods and grain grew poorly in Attica
129
What did the Athenian trade for materials they needed
Olive oil and silver for the materials they needed
130
What did Athens rely on?
Ethan‘s relied on a strong navy more than a strong army
131
Only those born to who were citizens in the polis
Athenian Parents
132
What was the system of Athens known as?
Democracy
133
And it’s early history. What was Athens ruled by?
An oligarchy, or sometimes by a tyrant
134
In 508 BCE who led an uprising and about what
Politician named Cleisthenes lead an uprising against the rulers of Athens, and created an assembly of all citizens to make decisions
135
Why was the power of the assembly of the politician Cleisthenes Limited?
Because it’s still had to be approved by a council of wealthier Athenians
136
En 461 BCE, who led an uprising, who was he, and what did he lead it against?
Politician and general Pericles, who greatly influenced Athenian life until his death in 429, BCE any man who fought for the city, had an equal right to have a say ruling it
137
Everything in male age what to what perform military service
18-59
138
What does wealthy men serve as in Athens?
cavalrymen or hoplites
139
To carry out the laws and run the city day today. What did the city do to choose citizens to fill each office?
Held a lottery
140
In which two importance and skill job types of jobs did all male citizens have to vote to choose the most suitable men Athens
Generals and treasurers
141
What did the city do to ensure the juries will judge each case fairly?
Each jury was paid for the time he served
142
What was the Athenian government divided into?
Legislature or the assembly, the executive, the officials, that ran the city, and the judiciary, which consisted of the courts and juries that judged anyone accused of a crime
143
Was there public schools in Athens?
No
144
True or false since there were no public schools poor families could send their children to private teachers
False they could not
145
Who were the wealthier children of Athens sent to learn to read and write with
A tutor known as a grammatist
146
Legislature
Makes the laws
147
Executive
Carries out the decisions of the legislature and runs the government
148
Judiciary
The judiciary judges, anyone accused of breaking the law
149
What did most Athenian girls do?
Mostly at home with their mothers, to learn how to spin and weave cloth, and how to look after the house
150
Who were the Athenian woman mostly under control of
Husbands, brothers or fathers
151
Were Athenian women allowed to leave the house?
They were rarely allowed to leave the house, except visit other women of all though this was less strict in poorer families
152
During the early history of the city, how did athenians get slaves?
Athenians made other citizens their slaves when they failed to pay the debts they owned
153
After that practice ended in 594 BCE how did Athenians get slaves?
They made slaves of soldiers defeated in battle
154
How did the slaves work as?
Some work that has domestic servants, but most worked forming the land and mining silver
155
Because the Athenians had slaves they had more time to devote to
Creativity, scholarship, and politics
156
Many modern scholars, believe having slaves was one of the reasons what flourished in Athens
, art, philosophy, and politics
157
Sparta and its alliances with other states are called
The Peloponnesian league
158
How did Sparta dominate the south?
Through its conquest and alliances with other states in the Peloponnesian league
159
Where did the Persian empire stretch from?
The coast in the west to the Indus river in the east
160
When the Greeks faced a threat to the east, the great Persian empire who was the Persian empire king
Darius I ruled from 521 to 485 BCE
161
What is Hellespont
The narrow channel dividing grease from Asian minor
162
Why did the Greek cities in Ionia rebel?
Because Darius sent out officials to watch over them and collect the taxes, he demanded
163
Who helped the Greek rebels?
Athens
164
When was the Greek fleet destroyed?
494 BCE
165
In 490 BCE came with the Indian at fears the Persians invaded
Attica and the Greek heartland
166
Did Sparta agree to send troops to the Athenians?
Sparta greed, but only after a religious festival that was coming the following week
167
The Persians landed with around how much soldiers in Eretria
26,000
168
Who did the Athenians ask for help?
Sparta and plataea
169
How much men did the plataeans send to join the Athenian army?
1000
170
How many soldiers did Athens have without plataea
9000
171
Where did the Athenian army and the Persian army meet at?
A flat plain called marathon
172
How many men did the Persians lose in the battle of marathon, and how many men did the Greeks lose in the battle of marathon?
The Persians lost 6400 men and the Greeks lost 192 men
173
What was the name of the Greek soldier that ran back to Athens from marathon
Pheidippides
174
How long was the run from Athens to Marathon?
About 26 miles or 42 km
175
What are Greek foot soldiers called?
Hoplites
176
The hollies fought in an organized formation called the?
Phalanx
177
How many soldiers did the phalanx contain?
It was a long block of soldiers, about eight men deep
178
Who took after Darius I
His son Xerxes I
179
What was Xerxes determined to take
Revenge for his fathers defeat
180
What would happen if the Persians did not punish the Greeks for their resistance?
Their example could encourage others who want to regain their independence
181
In the 10 years, following the battle of marathon, who repelled against the Persians
Egypt and Babylon
182
What happened in the battle of Thermopylae
300 Spartans lead, by general Leonidas were all killed as they fought an army of thousands of Persians
183
After the battle of Thermopylae the Greek army was defeated again at the battle of
Artemisium
184
When the athenians abandoned their city, where did they seek temporary refuge?
On the island of salamis
185
Hippocrates looked for physical causes for diseases, such as
diet, occupation, climate
186
Who is the god of healing?
Asclepius
187
Who developed the theory that the earth orbits around the sun?
Aristarchus of Samos
188
What did Herodotus write an account of?
The Persian wars
189
What was herodotus’ book called?
The Historia
190
What did Thucydides write an account of?
The peloponnesian wars
191
What did Thucydides work as
An Athenian general
192
How many years did it take Thucydides to finish his book?
More than 30 years
193
Greek theatre featured
One actor and a chorus
194
Two categories for play
Tragedy or comedy
195
Dramatic competitions were held?
Each year
196
