Social Studies Unit 4 Flashcards Grade 8
What is the scientific method?
The process of making observations, experimenting, and drawing conclusions based on evidence.
What did the scientific method encourage people to do?
To make theories about what we observe in the world around us
what three different methods did the scientific method lead us lead us to discover?
-Astronomy
-Medicine
-Mathematics
Prior to the Renaissance, what did people believe God placed at the centre of the universe?
The Earth
_______________ discovered that the earth is a planet that moved around a stationary sun:
Copernicus
_______________ concluded that planets travels in an elliptical orbit:
Kepler
_______________ built telescopes and confirmed Copernicus’ ideas:
Galileo
In what two areas did medical knowledge grow?
-Anatomy
-Surgery
Scientists and doctors began to apply the scientific method. What did they make new discoveries about?
-The human body and how it worked
What was made legal in many Italian cities?
Dissection
What is the basic tool to understand the universe?
Math
As trade and business grew, math became essential for the _______________ class.
Members of the Merchant class
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
At the beginning of the Renaissance, who could read and write?
-The most educated people in society
Name three advantages of the printing press
-People began to read, discuss and write
-More books, such as the bible were translated into different languages so that everyone could read for themselves
-Humanists made money from their books allowing them to travel around Europe spreading their ideas.
How many copies of a book could the printing press make in the time it normally took to make one?
Thousands
During the Middle Ages, what was the most powerful institution in Europe?
The Church
What were indulgences?
A “Certificate” that lowered the time people would be punished for their sins after they died.
According to Luther, who should be a Christian’s true spiritual guide?
The Bible
What did Luther nail to the church door to criticize the selling of indulgences?
Luther nailed 95 theses to a church door criticizing the selling of indulgences
What helped Luther spread his ideas throughout Europe?
Luther’s protestant translated the Bible which reached a number of Germans. They then followed Luther when he broke form the Catholic Church
What was the name of Luther’s new church?
The Lutheran Church
What is a protestant?
People who agree with you and follow your opinions
What was the Protestant Reformation?
People who agreed with Luther were called protestants. This became known as the Protestant Reformation
