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Social studies final > Social Studies Final S2 > Flashcards

Social Studies Final S2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cicero

A

Roman orator and philosopher, he tried to limit the power of Rome’s generals and restore checks and balances

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2
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Roman general, he was one of the greatest military leaders in history.

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3
Q

Pompey

A

Ruled with Caesar and Crassus

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4
Q

Marc Antony

A

Roman general, he fought against Octavian after the death of Julius Caesar, and lost

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5
Q

Augustus

A

First Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian.

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6
Q

Pax Romana

A

Roman Peace

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7
Q

Aqueduct

A

An artificial canal for carrying water, typically in the form of a bridge

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8
Q

Romance Languages

A

They include Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian.

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9
Q

Civil law

A

a legal system based on a written code of laws

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10
Q

Christianity

A

A religion bases on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

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11
Q

Jesus of Nazareth

A

Founder of Christianity, he taught about kindness and love for God. His teachings spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.

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12
Q

Messiah

A

Gods anointed one

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13
Q

Crucifixion

A

The execution of someone by being nailed to a cross

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14
Q

Apostles

A

the 12 chosen disciples of Jesus who spread his teachings

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15
Q

Paul of Tarsus

A

Most important figure in the spread of Christianity

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16
Q

Constantine

A

Roman emperor, he was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian.

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17
Q

Diocletian

A

Roman emperor, he divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.

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18
Q

Attila

A

Leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans.

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19
Q

Corruption

A

the decay of people’s values

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20
Q

Justinian

A

Byzantine emperor, he reunited the Roman Empire, simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built.

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21
Q

Theodora

A

Wife of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, she was a smart and powerful woman who helped him rule effectively.

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22
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

the society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the western Roman Empire

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23
Q

Caravan

A

a group of traders that travel together.

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24
Q

Muhammad

A

Founder of Islam, he spread his teachings to the people of Arabia. His teachings make up the Qu’ran.

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25
Islam
The religion of the Muslims.
26
Muslim
A follower of Islam
27
Qur'an
Sacred book of Islam
28
Pilgrimage
A journey to a religious place
29
Mosque
Building for Muslim prayer
30
Jihad
The inner religious struggle
31
Sunnah
A collection of writings about the way Muhammad lived that provides a model for Muslims to follow.
32
Five pillars of Islam
The five acts of worship required of all Muslims
33
Abu Bakr
The first caliph, he ruled the Muslim world after Muhammad's death.
34
Caliph
A title that Muslims use for their highest leader of Islam
35
Tolerance
Acceptance
36
Janissaries
slave soldier
37
Mehmed II
Conquered Constantinople
38
Suleyman I
The ottomans reached their height under suleyman
39
Shia
Caliphs had to be related to Muhammed
40
Sunni
Caliphs don't have to be related to Muhammed
41
Ibn Battutah
Muslim traveler and writer, he visited Africa, India, China, and Spain.
42
Sufism
A movement in Islam that taught people they can find God's love by having a personal relationship with God.
43
Omar Khayyám
A famous Sufi poet
44
Patrons
A sponsor
45
Minaret
A narrow tower from where Muslims are called to prayer
46
Calligraphy
Decorative writing
47
Rifts
Long deep valleys formed by the movement of the earths crust
48
Sub Saharan Africa
Africa south of the Sahara
49
Sahel
A semi arid region in Africa just south of the Sahara that separates the desert from wetter areas.
50
Savannah
Open grassland with scattered trees
51
Rain forests
A moist, densely wooded area that contains many different plants and animals.
52
Extended family
A family that includes the father, mother, children, and close relatives.
53
Animism
The belief that bodies of water animals trees and other natural objects have spirits
54
Silent Barter
A process in which people exchange goods without contacting each other directly.
55
Tunka Manin
Ghana empire reached height under this ruler. Displayed wealth in his lavish court
56
Sundiata
Led Mail's rise to power
57
Sunni Ali
Ruler of Songhai. Unified strengthened and the enlarged
58
Askia the Great
Songhai ruler, overthrew Sunni Baru. His reign was the highpoint of Songhai culture
59
Oral history
A spoken record of past events
60
Griots
A west African storyteller.
61
Proverbs
Short sayings of wisdom or truth
62
Kente
A hand-woven, brightly colored West African fabric
63
Period of Disunion
The time of disorder following the collapse of the Han Dynasty.
64
Grand Canal
A canal linking northern and southern China
65
Empress Wu
Empress of China during the Tang Dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China.
66
Porcelain
A thin beautiful type of pottery invented in China.
67
Woodblock Printing
A form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood, covered with ink, and pressed into a piece of paper to create a printed page.
68
Gunpowder
A mixture of powders used in guns and explosives
69
Compass
An instrument that uses the earth's magnetic field to indicate direction.
70
Bureaucracy
Body of unelected government officials.
71
Civil service
Service as a government official.
72
Scholar-official
An educated member of the government
73
Genghis Khan
Ruler of the Mongols, he led his people in attacks against China and against other parts of Asia
74
Zheng He
Chinese admiral during the Ming dynasty. He had a great navy.
75
Isolationism
A policy of avoiding contact with other countries
76
Clans
An extended family
77
Shinto
Traditional religion of Japan
78
Prince Shotoku
One of Greatest leaders. Brought Buddhism and Chinese ideas to Japan
79
Regents
A person who rules a country for someone who is unable to rule alone
80
Court
A group of nobles who live near and serve a leader
81
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
Wrote first novel called The Tale of Genjii
82
Zen
A form of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation
83
Daimyo
Large landowners of feudal Japan
84
Samurai
A trained professional warrior in feudal Japan
85
Figurehead
A person who appears to be in power even though the real power rests with someone else
86
Shogun
A general who ruled Japan in the emperors name
87
Bushido
The code of honor followed by the samurai
88
Maize
Corn 🌽
89
Observatories
Buildings used to study astronomy
90
Causeway
A raised road across water or wet ground
91
Conquistadors
Spanish soldiers
92
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador, conquered Aztec Empire
93
Moctezuma II
Last Aztec emperor. Killed by Hernan Cortes
94
Pachacuti
Inca ruler who expanded their territory
95
Quechua
The language of the inca
96
Atahualpa
Last Incan King, killed by Francisco Pizarro
97
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered Incan empire. Spanish Conquistador
98
Eurasia
The large landmass that includes Europe and Asia
99
Topography
The shape and elevation of land in a region
100
Middle Ages
A period that lasted from 55 to 1500 in Europe
101
Medieval
Referring ro Middle Ages
102
Patrick
Christian Saint. Converted the people of Ireland to Christianity
103
Monks
A religious MAN who live apart from society in a monastery
104
Monastery's
A community of monks
105
Benedict
Italian Saint and monk, he created a set of rules for monks to follow.
106
Charlemagne
King of the Frank's. A brilliant warrior and strong leader
107
Knights
A warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback
108
Vassal
A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange in land
109
Feudalism
The sharing of land between lords knights and all that stuff
110
William the Conquerer
Conquered England brought feudalism to Britain
111
Manor
A large estate owned by a knight or lord
112
Serfs
A worker in medieval Europe who was tied to the land in which he served
113
Eleanor of Aquitane
Queen of France and England
114
Chivalry
The code of honorable behavior for medieval Knights
115
Haiku
A type of Japanese poem with three lines and 17 syllables. Usually about nature
116
Pope Gregory VII
A powerful pope. Fought with Emperor Henry IV over the power to choose church officials
117
Crusades
A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims.
118
Holy land
The region on the eastern shore where Jesus lived preached and died
119
Pope Urban II
Told the Christians to launch the first crusades
120
King Richard I
Led the third crusade very brave and fairness
121
Saladin
Muslim general led the Muslim forces during the third crusade
122
Religious Order
a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules
123
Reconquista
the effort of Christian kingdoms in northern Spain to retake land from the Moors during the Middle Ages

Social studies final (3 decks)

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