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Social studies final > Social Studies Final S2 > Flashcards

Social Studies Final S2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cicero

A

Roman orator and philosopher, he tried to limit the power of Rome’s generals and restore checks and balances

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2
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Roman general, he was one of the greatest military leaders in history.

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3
Q

Pompey

A

Ruled with Caesar and Crassus

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4
Q

Marc Antony

A

Roman general, he fought against Octavian after the death of Julius Caesar, and lost

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5
Q

Augustus

A

First Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian.

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6
Q

Pax Romana

A

Roman Peace

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7
Q

Aqueduct

A

An artificial canal for carrying water, typically in the form of a bridge

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8
Q

Romance Languages

A

They include Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian.

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9
Q

Civil law

A

a legal system based on a written code of laws

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10
Q

Christianity

A

A religion bases on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

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11
Q

Jesus of Nazareth

A

Founder of Christianity, he taught about kindness and love for God. His teachings spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.

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12
Q

Messiah

A

Gods anointed one

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13
Q

Crucifixion

A

The execution of someone by being nailed to a cross

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14
Q

Apostles

A

the 12 chosen disciples of Jesus who spread his teachings

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15
Q

Paul of Tarsus

A

Most important figure in the spread of Christianity

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16
Q

Constantine

A

Roman emperor, he was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian.

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17
Q

Diocletian

A

Roman emperor, he divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.

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18
Q

Attila

A

Leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans.

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19
Q

Corruption

A

the decay of people’s values

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20
Q

Justinian

A

Byzantine emperor, he reunited the Roman Empire, simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built.

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21
Q

Theodora

A

Wife of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, she was a smart and powerful woman who helped him rule effectively.

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22
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

the society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the western Roman Empire

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23
Q

Caravan

A

a group of traders that travel together.

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24
Q

Muhammad

A

Founder of Islam, he spread his teachings to the people of Arabia. His teachings make up the Qu’ran.

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25
Q

Islam

A

The religion of the Muslims.

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26
Q

Muslim

A

A follower of Islam

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27
Q

Qur’an

A

Sacred book of Islam

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28
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a religious place

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29
Q

Mosque

A

Building for Muslim prayer

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30
Q

Jihad

A

The inner religious struggle

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31
Q

Sunnah

A

A collection of writings about the way Muhammad lived that provides a model for Muslims to follow.

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32
Q

Five pillars of Islam

A

The five acts of worship required of all Muslims

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33
Q

Abu Bakr

A

The first caliph, he ruled the Muslim world after Muhammad’s death.

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34
Q

Caliph

A

A title that Muslims use for their highest leader of Islam

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35
Q

Tolerance

A

Acceptance

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36
Q

Janissaries

A

slave soldier

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37
Q

Mehmed II

A

Conquered Constantinople

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38
Q

Suleyman I

A

The ottomans reached their height under suleyman

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39
Q

Shia

A

Caliphs had to be related to Muhammed

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40
Q

Sunni

A

Caliphs don’t have to be related to Muhammed

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41
Q

Ibn Battutah

A

Muslim traveler and writer, he visited Africa, India, China, and Spain.

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42
Q

Sufism

A

A movement in Islam that taught people they can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God.

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43
Q

Omar Khayyám

A

A famous Sufi poet

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44
Q

Patrons

A

A sponsor

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45
Q

Minaret

A

A narrow tower from where Muslims are called to prayer

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46
Q

Calligraphy

A

Decorative writing

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47
Q

Rifts

A

Long deep valleys formed by the movement of the earths crust

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48
Q

Sub Saharan Africa

A

Africa south of the Sahara

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49
Q

Sahel

A

A semi arid region in Africa just south of the Sahara that separates the desert from wetter areas.

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50
Q

Savannah

A

Open grassland with scattered trees

51
Q

Rain forests

A

A moist, densely wooded area that contains many different plants and animals.

52
Q

Extended family

A

A family that includes the father, mother, children, and close relatives.

53
Q

Animism

A

The belief that bodies of water animals trees and other natural objects have spirits

54
Q

Silent Barter

A

A process in which people exchange goods without contacting each other directly.

55
Q

Tunka Manin

A

Ghana empire reached height under this ruler. Displayed wealth in his lavish court

56
Q

Sundiata

A

Led Mail’s rise to power

57
Q

Sunni Ali

A

Ruler of Songhai. Unified strengthened and the enlarged

58
Q

Askia the Great

A

Songhai ruler, overthrew Sunni Baru. His reign was the highpoint of Songhai culture

59
Q

Oral history

A

A spoken record of past events

60
Q

Griots

A

A west African storyteller.

61
Q

Proverbs

A

Short sayings of wisdom or truth

62
Q

Kente

A

A hand-woven, brightly colored West African fabric

63
Q

Period of Disunion

A

The time of disorder following the collapse of the Han Dynasty.

64
Q

Grand Canal

A

A canal linking northern and southern China

65
Q

Empress Wu

A

Empress of China during the Tang Dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China.

66
Q

Porcelain

A

A thin beautiful type of pottery invented in China.

67
Q

Woodblock Printing

A

A form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood, covered with ink, and pressed into a piece of paper to create a printed page.

68
Q

Gunpowder

A

A mixture of powders used in guns and explosives

69
Q

Compass

A

An instrument that uses the earth’s magnetic field to indicate direction.

70
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Body of unelected government officials.

71
Q

Civil service

A

Service as a government official.

72
Q

Scholar-official

A

An educated member of the government

73
Q

Genghis Khan

A

Ruler of the Mongols, he led his people in attacks against China and against other parts of Asia

74
Q

Zheng He

A

Chinese admiral during the Ming dynasty. He had a great navy.

75
Q

Isolationism

A

A policy of avoiding contact with other countries

76
Q

Clans

A

An extended family

77
Q

Shinto

A

Traditional religion of Japan

78
Q

Prince Shotoku

A

One of Greatest leaders. Brought Buddhism and Chinese ideas to Japan

79
Q

Regents

A

A person who rules a country for someone who is unable to rule alone

80
Q

Court

A

A group of nobles who live near and serve a leader

81
Q

Lady Murasaki Shikibu

A

Wrote first novel called The Tale of Genjii

82
Q

Zen

A

A form of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation

83
Q

Daimyo

A

Large landowners of feudal Japan

84
Q

Samurai

A

A trained professional warrior in feudal Japan

85
Q

Figurehead

A

A person who appears to be in power even though the real power rests with someone else

86
Q

Shogun

A

A general who ruled Japan in the emperors name

87
Q

Bushido

A

The code of honor followed by the samurai

88
Q

Maize

A

Corn 🌽

89
Q

Observatories

A

Buildings used to study astronomy

90
Q

Causeway

A

A raised road across water or wet ground

91
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish soldiers

92
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Spanish conquistador, conquered Aztec Empire

93
Q

Moctezuma II

A

Last Aztec emperor. Killed by Hernan Cortes

94
Q

Pachacuti

A

Inca ruler who expanded their territory

95
Q

Quechua

A

The language of the inca

96
Q

Atahualpa

A

Last Incan King, killed by Francisco Pizarro

97
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquered Incan empire. Spanish Conquistador

98
Q

Eurasia

A

The large landmass that includes Europe and Asia

99
Q

Topography

A

The shape and elevation of land in a region

100
Q

Middle Ages

A

A period that lasted from 55 to 1500 in Europe

101
Q

Medieval

A

Referring ro Middle Ages

102
Q

Patrick

A

Christian Saint. Converted the people of Ireland to Christianity

103
Q

Monks

A

A religious MAN who live apart from society in a monastery

104
Q

Monastery’s

A

A community of monks

105
Q

Benedict

A

Italian Saint and monk, he created a set of rules for monks to follow.

106
Q

Charlemagne

A

King of the Frank’s. A brilliant warrior and strong leader

107
Q

Knights

A

A warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback

108
Q

Vassal

A

A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange in land

109
Q

Feudalism

A

The sharing of land between lords knights and all that stuff

110
Q

William the Conquerer

A

Conquered England brought feudalism to Britain

111
Q

Manor

A

A large estate owned by a knight or lord

112
Q

Serfs

A

A worker in medieval Europe who was tied to the land in which he served

113
Q

Eleanor of Aquitane

A

Queen of France and England

114
Q

Chivalry

A

The code of honorable behavior for medieval Knights

115
Q

Haiku

A

A type of Japanese poem with three lines and 17 syllables. Usually about nature

116
Q

Pope Gregory VII

A

A powerful pope. Fought with Emperor Henry IV over the power to choose church officials

117
Q

Crusades

A

A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims.

118
Q

Holy land

A

The region on the eastern shore where Jesus lived preached and died

119
Q

Pope Urban II

A

Told the Christians to launch the first crusades

120
Q

King Richard I

A

Led the third crusade very brave and fairness

121
Q

Saladin

A

Muslim general led the Muslim forces during the third crusade

122
Q

Religious Order

A

a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules

123
Q

Reconquista

A

the effort of Christian kingdoms in northern Spain to retake land from the Moors during the Middle Ages

Social studies final (3 decks)

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