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Social Studies Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Tiberius Gracchus

A

Believed that the trouble started when the small farmers sold their land

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2
Q

Gaius Gracchus

A

Brother of Tiberius Gracchus

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3
Q

Gaius Marius

A

Was a military hero that because part of the consul

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4
Q

Lucius Sulla

A

General that was given a high rank in the military

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5
Q

What changes to the senate did Lucius Sulla make

A

Double the size of the senate

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6
Q

Pompey

A

He was a triumvirate

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7
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Was a triumvirate that hated Pompey

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8
Q

What changes to the senate did Julius Caesar make?

A

He doubled the senate again

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9
Q

Why did people love Julius Caesar

A

People loved him because he established new colonies and gave to the poor

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10
Q

How effective do you think a triumvirate is as a form of government?

A

It’s a little less effective because they might not get along and may not be effective because they won’t have as much power

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11
Q

Augustus

A

Wanted to bring back old school roman government (republic) so he brings the system back

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12
Q

Offices that Augustus holds

A

Consult
Tribune
High priest
Senator

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13
Q

Was Augustus crowned emperor

A

Refused to be crowned emperor but has all of the power of one

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14
Q

What does Augustus do so no one will over power him?

A

Keeps the assembly and government offices and senators to feel honor

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15
Q

Augustus strengthened authority

A

Soldiers must swear an allegiance to him personally

Chose jobs for people based on talent

Expanded the empire to create cataracts

Pays gov workers really well so they wouldn’t tax people

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16
Q

Achievements of Augustus

A

Creates the census

Makes Rome look beautiful

Creates laws to ensure people will behave

Sets up fire department and police

Builds first library

I

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17
Q

How long did Augustus serve for

A

41 years called the Pax Romana

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18
Q

Pax Romana

A

Left Rome at peace for 200 years

Peace increases trade and there were no tariffs

Trade meant more money for Rome and many romans were riches

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19
Q

What could you buy in Italy

A 
Pottery
Cloth 
Wine
Olive oil 
Bronze
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20
Q

Roman Law during Pax Romana

A

Rome wrote new laws that would be fair to newly conquered Romans

Laws started to become fair to everyone

Law had to be reasonable or just so that people would obey

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21
Q

Tiberius Gracchus wanted to do what (land)

A

Divide up the latifundia and give some of the land back to the poor

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22
Q

Gaius Gracchus gave what to the poor

A

Free wheat

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23
Q

The senate had who killed

A

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

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24
Q

Gaius Marius

A

Was a military hero who became consul

Grew up poor but gains power

He had the support of military and poor people

Set up a professional army and changed the laws. He opens up the army to everyone

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25
Q

Lucius Cornelius Sulla

A

Was another general that had a high enabling. Marius didn’t like him

26
Q

Civil war - Marius v. Sulla

A

Sulla marched his legion into Rome and took control of the city

Civil war broke out

Sulla won and named himself dictator

Believed the problems in Rome were because of the senate so he doubled it to 600

27
Q

When Sulla retired who took over

A

Julius Caesar

28
Q

Caesar and Pompey

A

Two triumvirates who were going to control Rome

They didn’t like each other and Caesar married pompeys daughter

Both Pompey and Crassus were mirdered leaving Caesar in charge

29
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Brought his troops to Rome. He was loved by the people since he established new colonies, helped the poor, built roads, drained swamps and held gladiatorial games

Doubled the size of the senate (1200 now)

Stopped corruption of the public and and adopted a new calendar which we still use

30
Q

Ides of March

A

Senate called Caesar to speak to them and when he arrived in March 15, 27 of the senate stabbed him on the floor of the senate

31
Q

Marcus Aurelius

A

Was an emperor

32
Q

Praetorian Guard

A

Was the emperors body guard

33
Q

Diocletian

A

Emperor who tired to save Rome

34
Q

Constantine 1

A

Another emperor who tried to save Rome

35
Q

Adrianople

A

Battles where Germany defeated Rome

36
Q

Alaric

A

He invaded Rome with his Germans soldiers

37
Q

3 major reasons for the fall of Rome

A

Political

Economic

Foreign enemies

38
Q

How did the Germans gain control of the empires

A

Germans gained control of the empire through attacking efficiently

Their Calvary was also stronger

39
Q

Dictator

A

An absolute rule of the state

40
Q

Triumvirate

A

Was a group of three people who ruled with equal power

41
Q

Emperor

A

A ruler of an empire

42
Q

Freedmen

A

Former Slaves

43
Q

Census

A

Population count

44
Q

Tariffs

A

Taxes placed on goods entering a country from

Another

45
Q

Juris prudentes

A

Roman lawyer

46
Q

Inflation

A

Period when the prices go up and the value of the money goes down

47
Q

Barter

A

Exchanging goods without using money

48
Q

Rule by divine right

A

Rule based on a theory that monarchies right to rule comes from
God

49
Q

Political reasons for the fall of the empire

A

Emperors had no written rule about who was to take over the throne. Some were related and some weren’t

When Marcus Aurelius died the system changed - his son Commundus took over and was hated so his body guards strangled him

Praetorian guard sold the throne to the highest bidder

For 100 years legions fought to put their own emperor

During this time Rome had 37 emperors. Most were murdered

50
Q

Economic reasons for the fall of the empire

A

Had to raise taxes to pay for the army

Romans suffered from inflation on the prices of gold

Rome was not getting any money because they didn’t have anything to take over r

Money was losing its value so people stopped using money all together and they began to barter

51
Q

Foreign enemies lead to the fall of the empire

A

While Romans fought each other over politics and money they left Rome open to attach. Germany invaded Greece and Gaul

Cities started to build walls to protect themselves

52
Q

Diocletian tries to save Rome

A

Fortified borders

Reorganized government

Set maximum prices for goods

Ordered workers to stay in jobs until death

Emperor had policy to rule by divine right (power came from the gods)

Empire divided into two parts

53
Q

Constantine 1 tries to save Rome

A

Sons of workers had to follow their fathers trade

Wealthy landowners moved to villas in he country

Each villa produced enough food to meet the needs of the estate

Moved the capital of the empire from Rome to turkey (Constantinople)

54
Q

The end of the empire

A

German attacks increased

Germany defeated the romans at adrianople

Germans had the invention of iron stirrups to make their Calvary stronger then the Romans legions

Germany invaded Gaul when the Rhine river froze

Burned records and looted cities

55
Q

Cleopatra info

A

Macedonian Greek decent

Last of ptolemies to rule Egypt

Only learned Egyptian

Everything we know about her was written by her enemies

Lots of the stories are gossip legend and propaganda

56
Q

Problems in Egypt

A

She was 20 when she became queen of Egypt

Rules with her brother Ptolemy III

She wanted to return Egypt to its glory days and she wanted to be like Pharaoh Thutmas III

Cleopatra was banned my by the advisors of Ptolemy

Caesar was staying in Egypt at the royal place.

Soldiers were given the order to kill Cleo if they saw her - cleopatra arranged for herself to be put in a rug and delivered to Julius caesar. They fell in love

57
Q

Julius Caesar and Cleopatra

A

Fell in love with each other

Cleo convinced Julius to get rid of Ptolemy so she can rule

He was defeated and the king drowned in the Nike

In Egypt Julius was as powerful as a god or king

Cleopatra moves to Rome
With Julius with their son this causes a scandal because he already had a wife

Everyone thought that the capital of would change from Rome to Alexandra and got mad. He was murdered

58
Q

After Caesars death

A

Cleo back to Egypt

Mark Antony had the job that they Caesar had so another triumvirate was formed…mark Anthony, Octavian and lepidus

59
Q

Mark Anthony & Cleopatra

A

Cleopatra refuses to meet mark Anthony but does. He thinks she is beautiful and they fell In love

They have three children in ten years

During this time
Mark keeps the peace by marrying Octavian sister but then Octavian gets mad because he is cheating on his sister with Cleo

Anthony divorces Octavia and Octavian declares war

60
Q

Antony v Octavian

A

Antony is supposed to battle Octavian with the help of cleopatra njt she makes a run for it with gold silver and jewels

She sails away leaving Mark alone until he followers her and ditches his troops.

Octavian spread gossip about Anthony calling him a ship burner

61
Q

The end of Cleo

A

Cleo makes a tomb to hid in. She pretends she is dead. When Anthony goes and doesn’t see her. He thinks she has died so he stabs himseld. The Slaves tell him she is alive and he goes to see her and dies.

Cleopatra is supposed to a prisoner of Octavian but she kills herself first by asking for a poisonous snake. It bites her and she die

62
Q

The after math of Cleo

A

Octavian changes his name to Augustus and becomes
Emperor

Son of Caesar and Cleo is killed but the children of Cleo and Antony survive

The tombs of Antony Cleo and Alexander the Great were destroyed

Social studies (2 decks)

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