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Social Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations, and invented field of modern economics?

A

Adam Smith

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2
Q

Economics

A

The study of how people produce, buy, sell goods and services

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3
Q

Goods

A

Things you buy

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4
Q

Services

A

Tasks that you pay people to do

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5
Q

What did Adam Smith believe in?

A

More freedom people had, more harmonious society would be

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6
Q

Exports

A

Goods sold to other countries

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7
Q

Imports

A

Good bought from other countries

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8
Q

Mercantilism

A

Governments actively interfered with the economy. Supported their own nation’s industries, and discouraged the purchase of goods from other countries

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9
Q

Zero-Sum Game

A

Where one country’s gain is necessarily anther’s loss; wealth comes from labor, not gold or silver

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10
Q

How can a country’s economy grow without decreasing wealth of its neighbors?

A

Through increased labor or productivity

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11
Q

What are the 3 general strategies for helping economy grow?

A
  1. Letting people pursue own self-interest or individual goals. 2. Division of Labor 3. Free Trade
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12
Q

Invisible Hand (of the market place)

A

Allowing people to pursue own self-interest or individual goals

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13
Q

How can one produce more goods?

A

When work is broken up into simple tasks

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14
Q

Free Trade

A

When government stays out of way of international trade everyone benefits

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15
Q

What is preferable to an economy?

A

Free Market

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16
Q

Free Market idea is known as…

A

laissez-faire, french for “Let it be”

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17
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Let it be

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18
Q

Who is known as the father of modern economics?

A

Adam Smith

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19
Q

Communism

A

Is an economic system where wealth is distributed evenly to everyone

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20
Q

Capitalism

A

Everybody competes to make money

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21
Q

What does a pure communist society include?

A

No private property and everybody would be equal in wealth and social status

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22
Q

Communism was created by what two German philosophers?

A

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

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23
Q

What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish?

A

A short pamphlet called The Communist Manifesto

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24
Q

What was their thought on capitalism?

A

Created of two unequal classes Proletariat and Bourgeoisie

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25
Q

Proletariat

A

Is the working class in the “capitalism” society

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26
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Or Bourgeois, are the wealthier classes in the “capitalism” society Owners of Capital factories, buildings, properties

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27
Q

Both Russia and China the leaders of a communism country quickly established what type of government?

A

Totalitarian

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28
Q

Totalitarian

A

Most power in single dictator

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29
Q

Communist societies have what type of economy?

A

Centralized economy

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30
Q

Centralized Economy

A

about everything is controlled by the government

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31
Q

Socialism

A

Cross between capitalism and communism, found in many countries in Europe, but have many different degrees of socialism

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32
Q

What do the laws of supply and demand control?

A

How much we pay for goods and servies

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33
Q

The price that a consumer pays for a good or services is determined by what two things?

A
  1. Supply 2. Demand
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34
Q

Supply

A

How much of a good or service there is; how much of something producers or service providers will sell at a particular price

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35
Q

Demand

A

How much people want a product or a service

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36
Q

Companies will…

A

produce more of a product if they think they can sell a lot of it at a HIGHER price

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37
Q

People will…

A

buy more of something if it’s cheap

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38
Q

When products gets more expensive, what happens to the demand?

A

Demand decreases

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39
Q

Producers desire to make money pushes prices ____ and consumers desire to save money pushes prices ____

A

up down

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40
Q

Equilibrium Point

A

The price amount where supply is equal to the amount demanded; where the supply and demand curves intersect

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41
Q

What do we say when supply and demand equal out?

A

Market has cleared

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42
Q

Widget

A

is used to describe any device or contraption they’re using in an example

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43
Q

Where did the assembly line come from?

A

Industrial Revolution

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44
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

A major period of technological advances beginning in the 18th century

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45
Q

What company became the first to mass produce cars?

A

Olds Motor Vehicle Company

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46
Q

Who perfected the process of mass production of cars and what did they use?

A

Henry Ford, used conveyor belts

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47
Q

Assembly Line

A

Is a system that’s used a lot for mass production in factories

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48
Q

Interest

A

A percentage of your cash the bank gives you just for keeping your money there

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49
Q

Essential Expenses

A

Things you absolutely need

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50
Q

Fixed

A

Means amounts stays the same every month

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51
Q

Variable

A

Means amount changes from month to month

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52
Q

What are the three problems of debt?

A
  1. Can’t pay for everything you need 2. Serious financial trouble 3. Bankruptcy
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53
Q

Stock

A

Is the money that’s raised by a corporation that sells shares of itself to the public

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54
Q

Person who owns stock is called a…

A

…shareholder or investor.

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55
Q

Incorporating

A

aka corporation, is one way to organize a business

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56
Q

What is a country’s economy?

A

The sum total of all the buying and selling that goes on

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57
Q

Business Cycle

A

The pattern of expansion and contraction is known

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58
Q

Beliefs

A

Are ideas that make sense to us

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59
Q

Segregate

A

to separate or set apart from others: ISOLATE

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60
Q

Racism

A

When one group of people is treated less fairly than others because of their race

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61
Q

After Civil war in 1868, what amendment was ratified?

A

14th Amendment

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62
Q

What does the 14th Amendment protect?

A

Protected the rights of all the newly freed African Americans

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63
Q

What does the 14th Amendment say?

A

You couldn’t take away anyone’s life, liberty, or property

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64
Q

What did the Supreme Court decide when they heard about the Plessy vs. Ferguson Case?

A

Decided segregation was okay as long as the separate thins were equal in quality; “separate but equal”

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65
Q

What was the problem of the Supreme Court’s decision after hearing about the Plessy vs. Ferguson case?

A

Most things got separated and was very equal

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66
Q

In 1950, what happened in Tompeka, Kansas?

A

Oliver Brown tried to enroll his daughter in a local white school, but because she was African American, she was forced to go to a segregated school that was much further away.

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67
Q

Who was Oliver Brown’s lawyer when their case made it to the supreme court?

A

Thurgood Marshall

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68
Q

What did Thurgood Marshall argue?

A

Separate schools could never be equal

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69
Q

How did the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka end?

A

All 9 Supreme Court Justices decided in Brown’s favor

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70
Q

The original 13 colonies didn’t like what? Was it enough to spark a revolution?

A

Being Ruled by a king; King George III of England No

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71
Q

What were the colonist really angry about in England?

A

Not having any representation in Parliament

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72
Q

Parliament

A

The British version of Congress

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73
Q

What could Parliament do to the colonist?

A

They could pass laws affecting the American colonists, even though none of the colonists voted

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74
Q

Parliament passed what act in 1765?

A

Quartering Act

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75
Q

What did the Quartering Act say?

A

British soldiers in the colonies could stay in any private home they wanted; Families there would have to house and feed them

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76
Q

What were the colonists ESPECIALLY angry about?

A

All the taxes Parliament heaped on them

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77
Q

What was the first of the Tax act on the colonies?

A

Sugar Act of 1764

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78
Q

What was the Sugar Act of 1764?

A

A tax on sugar, molasses, and other stuff the colonies imported

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79
Q

This act prompted who to say what?

A

James Otis, a Massachusetts lawyer, “Taxation without representation is tyranny!”

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80
Q

The colonists battle cry after the first act was passed was…

A

“No taxation without representation!”

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81
Q

Did Parliament listen to the colonies? What did they do after the first tax act?

A

Parliament did not listen to the colonies, and just kept adding more taxes

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82
Q

What was the act after the Sugar Act of 1764?

A

Stamp Act of 1765

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83
Q

Stamp Act of 1765 taxed what?

A

All legal and commercial documents included diplomas, contracts, newspapers, and playing cards

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84
Q

What did the colonist organize after the Stamp Act of 1765?

A

Stamp Act Congress in NYC

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85
Q

What did Samuel Adams of Boston organize?

A

Chapters of the Songs of Liberty

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86
Q

What did the Sons of Liberty do?

A

They burned any stamp act paper they could find; tarred and feathered British officials

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87
Q

What did the colonists do to British goods?

A

Boycotted

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88
Q

What did the Daughters of Liberty help do?

A

Helped create things like what people were no longer buying from the British like clothing

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89
Q

The boycott hurt the British trade and what did the parliament do in conclusion to the boycott?

A

They repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, but they passed another set of new taxes with the Townshend Acts in 1767

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90
Q

What were the Townshend Acts?

A

Taxed imports like glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea; also allowed British officers to search homes and businesses for smuggled goods

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91
Q

What did the British Officers need in order to search homes and businesses for smuggled goods?

A

Needed search warrants called Writs of Assistance

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92
Q

Eventually, anger boiled over during what event?

A

Boston Massacre

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93
Q

What was the Boston Massacre

A

British troops opened fire on rioting colonists

94
Q

During the same year of the Boston Massacre, what happened?

A

The Townshend Acts were repealed

95
Q

Later after the Townshend Acts were repealed, what was passed?

A

Tea Act in 1773

96
Q

What did the Tea Act say?

A

Said colonists had to buy all of their tea from England

97
Q

How did the colonist responded of the Tea Act?

A

Colonist responded with the Boston Tea Party on December 16th, 1773

98
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

A group of men disguised as American Indians boarded 3 tea ships docked in the Boston harbor; broke open the tea chests and threw them overboard

99
Q

What was the Coercive Acts in 1774?

A

In response to the Boston Tea Party, these acts called for a naval Blockade of Boston harbor until the tea from the Boston Tea Party was paid for

100
Q

To the colonists, the Coercive Acts was known as

A

Intolerable Acts; which also banned committees of correspondence

101
Q

What was the committees of correspondence?

A

Groups in different colonies that exchanged letters about colonial politics

102
Q

All the colonies except for ____ met in the _____

A

Georgia First Continental Congress

103
Q

What did the First Continental Congress decide?

A

Decided to ban all trade with England until the acts were repealed; called on each colony to train as militias, or armies

104
Q

When did fighting break out between the British and Colonial Soldiers? Beginning of the Revolutionary War

A

In Lexington, MA on April 19, 1775

105
Q

How were the American Colonists out matched during the American Revolution?

A

Had inexperienced volunteer militia, and up against the British (most powerful military in the world)

106
Q

How did the colonist know the British were coming to Lexington?

A

Because of silversmith Paul Revere and his patriots William Dawes and Samuel Prescott warned them in their famous Midnight Ride

107
Q

Minutemen

A

Were militia fighters who pledged to be ready at a minute’s notice; they were ready for when the British troops moved from Lexington, MA to Concord, MA

108
Q

What did the colonist leaders decide when they met in the Second Continental Congress?

A

Decided to form a Continental Army led by George Washington

109
Q

Thomas Pain wrote a famous pamphlet in 1776 and what did it convince the colonies?

A

Pamphlet called Common Sense, convinced many that the only course was independence from England

110
Q

When and what did the Continental Congress write?

A

1776 the Declaration of Independence

111
Q

After all 13 colonies adopted the Declaration of Independence…

A

the war with England was final

112
Q

When did George Washington lead his men across the Delaware River and took the British forces by surprise?

A

Christmas Day 1776

113
Q

What battle was the turning point in the war?

A

Battle of Saratoga

114
Q

What war did it lead European nations to lend support to the colonial cause?

A

Battle of Saratoga

115
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

was an American general who helped win the battles of the beginning of the American Revolution, but became a traitor for England and switched sides

116
Q

Who was France’s support for the colonies?

A

Benjamin Franklin

117
Q

Due to the colony soldiers short on supply in the winter of 1777, what happened to Washington’s troops?

A

A quarter of his troops died from cold, starvation, and disease at Valley Forge, PA

118
Q

John Paul Jones

A

An American officer who won a major naval battle off the cost of England

119
Q

How did John Paul Jones naval battle win affect the British naval?

A

It embarrassed them because they were a world-renowned supremacy on the seas

120
Q

Early on during the American Revolution, the colonies could not defeat the British through traditional warfare. How did the colonies beat the British?

A

Through Guerilla Warfare

121
Q

Guerilla Warfare

A

Staged small hit and run raids and ambushes

122
Q

What battle was fought with the American and French forces against the British to win the war’s final battle?

A

1781 battle of Yorktown, VA

123
Q

In the final battle of the American Revolution who did they defeat?

A

British general Lord Comwallis

124
Q

What was the American Civil Rights Movement about?

A

Having universal rights for all people regardless of gender, income, or color

125
Q

In 1955, what did Rosa Parks do and what was the outcome?

A

Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus, so that a white person could sit down because she wouldn’t give up her seat, and she was arrested

126
Q

What boycott did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organize and supervise?

A

Boycott of the Montgomery bus system

127
Q

What was the boycott of the Montgomery bus system?

A

Most of the black people refused to ride the bus and walk instead

128
Q

The organized protests were …

A

nonviolent, but firm

129
Q

Freedom Rides

A

Freedom Rides were integrated bus rides through the south with black and whites sitting next to one another on the same bus; blacks rode in front and white rode in the back

130
Q

Peaceful protests were often met with …

A

anger and sometime violence

131
Q

What was the high point of the civil right movement and when did it occur?

A

Occurred on August 28, 1963 between 200,000 and 500,000 people of all color marched on Washington D.C. for universal human rights like economic justice and freedom for all people

132
Q

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

A

Featured Dr. King delivering his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at Lincoln Memorial

133
Q

After the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, what happened?

A

1964, the Civil Rights Act was passed

134
Q

What did the Civil Rights Act do?

A

Made segregation in public facilities and employment discrimination illegal

135
Q

What are two things that we still struggle with today over the world?

A

Racial Prejudices and Inequality

136
Q

When did the Civil War begin?

A

1860 & 1861

137
Q

How many southern states seceded?

A

11

138
Q

Seceded

A

Left United States to make their own country

139
Q

The southern states that left the United States, what were they called?

A

Confederate States of America, or Confederacy

140
Q

The northern states that stayed with the U.S. were called

A

the Union

141
Q

President at the time of the Civil War was…

A

Abraham Lincoln

142
Q

President of Confederacy was..

A

Jefferson Davis

143
Q

During Civil War, Davis did not….

A

want to go to war

144
Q

Lincoln could not…

A

allow 11 states to leave the Union because it would set a bad example for the future

145
Q

What were two reasons states were leaving the United States?

A

States did not like the rules/laws Issue of slavery

146
Q

When did actual fighting of the Union and Confederacy begin?

A

April of 1861

147
Q

Where did the first battle of the Civil War take place?

A

Fort Sumter in S.C.

148
Q

Who won the battle at Fort Sumter in South Carolina?

A

The south

149
Q

Border States like Kentucky and Delaware were pro - ______, but anti - ______

A

pro-slavery, but anti-secession

150
Q

West Virginia was formed after what happened?

A

After parts of VA refused to secede to the Confederacy with the rest of the state.

151
Q

How many states stayed with the Union?

A

24

152
Q

Why did the North think the Civil War would be easy?

A

Because it was 24 states, vs. 11

153
Q

Was the North right about thinking the Civil War would be easy?

A

No because they lost a lot of battle in the beginning

154
Q

What do historians think why the South won a lot of early battles during the Civil War?

A

Because they had strong and brilliant generals

155
Q

Who was the commander of all the Confederate armies?

A

Robert E. Lee

156
Q

What was the biggest early battle victory for the south? It is sometimes called what?

A

First Battle of Bull Run First Battle of Manassas

157
Q

To solve the north’s problem during the Civil War because of Robert E. Lee, what was their solution?

A

Ulysses S Grant - he was a talented general for the Union army, and became Commanding Officer for the Union

158
Q

What was one of the battles where Ulysses S. Grant saw a lot of casualties? How many casualties were there during that battle?

A

Battle of Shiloh 24,000 casualties on both sides

159
Q

During the middle of the war in 1863, Lincoln issued what?

A

Emancipation Proclamation

160
Q

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

Freed all states held in Confederate-controlled states

161
Q

When was slavery officially outlawed in ALL states?

A

In 1865, after the Civil War

162
Q

What battle was the begging of the Confederacy’s fall?

A

Battle of Gettysburg

163
Q

When was the Battle of Gettysburg?

A

Summer of 1863

164
Q

After the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln made his famous…

A

Gettysburg Address

165
Q

November of 1864, who made a famous march across Confederate Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah?

A

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman

166
Q

In Sherman’s March to the Sea, what did the Union troops do?

A

Devastated the state, Georgia, by burning crops, killing livestock, and wrecking local infrastructure

167
Q

By 1865, the Confederacy was exhausted, why?

A

Lost a huge percentage of its young men and its economy was destroyed

168
Q

The south turned slaves for army and promised what?

A

Freedom in return

169
Q

Where did General Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant?

A

Appomattox Court House, VA on April 9, 1865

170
Q

Five days after the war was over, what happened to Lincoln and where?

A

Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while watching a play in Washington, D.C.

171
Q

Who was John Wilkes Booth?

A

Maryland actor who was mad about the South’s defeat

172
Q

In the end, between how many people died our of 3 million combatants?

A

600,000 - 700,000

173
Q

The Civil War is known as ..

A

America’s Bloodiest War

174
Q

In 1868 who became president?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

175
Q

What did the Confederacy (the South) believed in before and during the Civil War?

A

States’ Rights

176
Q

States’ Rights

A

The idea that each state gets to make its own laws

177
Q

10th Amendment of the Constitution

A

Gives each state the right to make its own laws, as long as they don’t go against federal law

178
Q

What did the North and the South disagree about federal laws?

A

How powerful the federal laws should be

179
Q

In 1832, South Carolina almost seceded over what argument??

A

In the Nullification Crisis

180
Q

What did South Carolina want the right to nullify, or cancel?

A

A federal tariff that was hurting its economy

181
Q

Tariff

A

A tax usually on trade

182
Q

A tariff usually favored who and hurt who?

A

Favored Northern industry Hurt Southern farms

183
Q

What are the two thoughts on what the main reason southern states seceded?

A
  1. Over States’ Rights 2. Slavery
184
Q

In 1787, most states north of Delaware had made what illegal? Why?

A

Slavery because it went against everything the United States was all about

185
Q

What were the states especially worried about before the Civil War? Why?

A

The Louisiana Purchase lands that were bought from France in 1803. They didn’t want the new states to be pro-slavery

186
Q

In 1820, the northern and the southern states agreed to what?

A

Missouri Compromise

187
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

Basically divided the Louisiana Purchase evenly between slavery and freedom and it set a balancing rule

188
Q

What was the balancing rule during the Missouri Compromise?

A

So that for every free state joined the Union, a slave state would also join

189
Q

In 1854, what were the southern politicians able to pass?

A

The Kansas- Nebraska Act

190
Q

Kansas - Nebraska Act what did it do, and what did it say?

A

Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and said that any new state could be a slave state if it wanted to.

191
Q

The Supreme Court supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act with their infamous …

A

Dred Scott Decision

192
Q

Dred Scott

A

Was a slave whose owner traveled throughout free states and territories

193
Q

What did the Supreme Court say about Dred Scot and his owners traveling through free states and territories?

A

Scott still belonged to his owner, and African Americans could never be U.S. Citizens and slave owners from the South could keep their slaves if they moved to free states

194
Q

The infamous Dred Scott decision angered who? Who were they?

A

Abolitionists - people actively against slavery

195
Q

What increased the differences between the North and the South?

A

States’ rights and slavery issues

196
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

a 40 year standoff between U.S. and the Soviet Union

197
Q

What countries were included in the Soviet Union?

A

Russia, Ukraine, and bunch of other countries

198
Q

During World War II, U.S. and Soviet Union were …

A

allies

199
Q

After World War II, the U.S. and other Western nations thought that the Soviets led by dictator Joseph Stalin would try to do what?

A

Try to spread communism all over the world

200
Q

Communist countries like Soviet Union and China tend to become what time of economic system?

A

Dictatorships

201
Q

In 1948, the Soviet Union limited access to what city?

A

Berlin, Germany (didn’t let anyone in or out!)

202
Q

Germany eventually split into two. Explain each side and what type of government they became.

A

East Germany became a Communist state West Germany was a democracy

203
Q

City of Berlin was also divided, what did the Soviets build to keep people from coming into or leaving communist East Berlin.

A

the Berlin Wall

204
Q

The Berlin Wall became a symbol for..

A

Soviet oppression and the Cold War

205
Q

What has descended across Europe (during the Cold War) according to Winston Churchill, a British prime minister, due to Soviet oppression. This name caught on.

A

Iron Curtain

206
Q

What did President Harry S. Truman begin during the Cold War? What is it supposed to stop?

A

Began the U.S. policy of containment to stop the spread of communism.

207
Q

What are the 3 different approaches of the Containment created by Harry S. Truman during the Cold War?

A

Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine NATO

208
Q

What is the Marshall Plan?

A

This plan gave $13 billion to help Europe rebuild after World War II

209
Q

What is the idea of the Marshall Plan?

A

European countries who accepted U.S. aid would be unlikely to ally themselves with the Soviet Union

210
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

A promise to supply military and economic aid to any country struggling to create or maintain a democracy

211
Q

What does NATO stand for and what was it?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance between U.S., Canada, and various Western European countries

212
Q

What is a good reason that the Soviet Union distrust the West?

A

The U.S. had invented and used the atomic bomb at the end of the World War II; so they feared America would use this new weapon to control the rest of the world

213
Q

What was the arms race between soviets and U.S.?

A

Soviets had to build more nuclear weapons to counter U.S. and vice versa

214
Q

Why is the Cold War called this name?

A

Because it wasn’t a war and never erupted into a real war between the U.S. and Soviets. This is because you cannot have an all out nuclear war and have a winner. Which both sides understood

215
Q

Why did America fight a war in Korea?

A

To contain communism

216
Q

Why was the U.S. worried about the influence of communism China?

A

Their leader Mao Zedong

217
Q

The Vietnam conflict was actually really part of ..

A

the Cold War

218
Q

The Cold War was partially responsible for ….

A

getting humans into space. Both U.S. and Soviets spent billions of dollars on rockets and satellites because they both wanted to win the space race.

219
Q

When did the Cold War begin to end?

A

1980s

220
Q

What began to end the war?

A

Soviet economy wasn’t strong enough to hold the USSR together.

221
Q

In 1989, towards the end of the Cold War, what two things occurred?

A

Berlin Wall fell and soon Communists governments in Eastern Europe were being overturned

222
Q

In 1991, what happened at the end of the Cold War?

A

Soviet Union collapsed and broke up into distinct democratic countries

223
Q

Who was Cesar Chavez?

A

A Mexican American farm worker, who led a campaign to improve the working conditions of million of other farm workers

224
Q

Migrant Workers

A

People who move around the country harvesting seasonal crops

225
Q

Why did the migrant farmers have a hard life?

A

didn’t pay much, often lived in government camps without access to clean water or bathrooms

226
Q

Why did Chavez become a civil rights leader for Latin Americans?

A

They made up the majority of farming labor community

227
Q

Who founded the National Farm Workers Association? Why?

A

Chavez and Doiores Huerta to improve wages and working conditions

228
Q

Labor Union

A

A group of workers who join together in order to protect their rights

229
Q

Who was Chavez influenced by? And for what reason?

A

Mahatma Gandhi in India by peaceful rebellions that were led by him

230
Q

What are the 3 techniques Chavez relied on?

A

Strikes Boycotts Protest Marches

231
Q

What is Chavez best known for?

A

For the grape picker strike

Social Studies - PRAXIS (1 decks)

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