Social Studies

Question 1

Rights of a citizen in a democracy

Answer 1

• Freedom to express yourself.
• Freedom to worship as you wish.
• Right to a prompt, fair trial by jury.
• Right to vote in elections for public officials.
• Right to apply for federal employment requiring U.S. citizenship.
• Right to run for elected office.
• Freedom to pursue “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Question 2

Responsibilities of a citizen in a democracy

Answer 2

• Support and defend the Constitution.
• Stay informed of the issues affecting your community.
• Participate in the democratic process.
• Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws.
• Respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others.
• Participate in your local community.
• Pay income and other taxes honestly, and on time, to federal, state, and local authorities.
• Serve on a jury when called upon.
• Defend the country if the need should arise.

Question 3

United States Constitution

Answer 3

A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. It was drafted by the Constitutional Convention and later supplemented by the Bill of Rights and other amendments.

Question 4

Declaration of Independence

Answer 4

The fundamental document establishing the United States as a nation, adopted on July 4, 1776. The declaration was ordered and approved by the Continental Congress and written largely by Thomas Jefferson.

Question 5

Gettysburg Address

Answer 5

A speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. Lincoln was speaking at the dedication of a soldiers’ cemetery at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.

Question 6

Mayflower Compact

Answer 6

The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.

Question 7

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 7

The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States.

Question 8

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 8

An amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1868. It was primarily concerned with details of reintegrating the southern states after the Civil War and defining some of the rights of recently freed slaves.

Question 9

Westward Expansion

Answer 9

the populating (by Europeans) of the land within the continental boundaries of the mainland United States, a process that began shortly after the first colonial settlements were established along the Atlantic coast.

Question 10

Industrialization

Answer 10

The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.

Question 11

The Great Depression

Answer 11

the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.

Question 12

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 12

The purchase by the United States from France of the huge Louisiana Territory in 1803. President Thomas Jefferson ordered the purchase negotiations, fearing that the French, then led by Napoleon, wanted to establish an empire in North America.

Question 13

Manhattan Project

Answer 13

The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.

Question 14

Vietnam War

Answer 14

a conflict, starting in 1954 and ending in 1975, between South Vietnam (later aided by the U.S., South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand, and New Zealand) and the Vietcong and North Vietnam.

Question 15

American Revolution

Answer 15

the war between Great Britain and its American colonies, 1775–83, by which the colonies won their independence.

Question 16

Cultural diversity

Answer 16

the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society

Question 17

Cultural diffusion

Answer 17

is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc.—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another

Question 18

Cultural adaptation

Answer 18

is the process of ensuring your message, whether translated into another language or not, is presented using cultural references and role models that your intended audience will identify with

Question 19

Acculturation

Answer 19

is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group

Question 20

Opportunity cost

Answer 20

the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen

Question 21

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 21

was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. The debate was over if, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes. The issue was important, as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years, and to determine what percentage of the nation’s direct tax burden the state would have to bear

Question 22

Truman Doctrine

Answer 22

the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the communists as an open declaration of the Cold War

Question 23

Tariffs

Answer 23

A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers

Question 24

Gettysburg Address

Answer 24

the notable short speech made by President Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the national cemetery at Gettysburg, Pa.

Question 25

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 25

The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States

Question 26

The Trail of Tears

Answer 26

The route along which the United States government forced several tribes of Native Americans, including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Creeks, to migrate to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s