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Social > Social Studies 30-1 > Flashcards

Social Studies 30-1 Flashcards

Flash cards to help prepare for diploma final.

1
Q

Define : Fascism

A

A political and economic system in which the government has complete control over society.

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2
Q

Define : Belief

A

A principle, philosophy or code that defines what is important or desirable.

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3
Q

class system

A

the division of a society into different classes of people, usually based on income or wealth

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4
Q

Define: Collective Identity

A

Shared characteristics of a group of people. For example, everyone born in Canada is a Canadian.

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5
Q

industrialization

A

the stage of economic development during which the application of technology results in mass production and mass consumption within a country

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6
Q

consensus decision making

A

a process whereby a group of individuals share ideas, solutions, and concerns to find a resolution to a problem that all members of the group can accept

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7
Q

Anti-Terrorism Act

A

a set of laws passed in Decemeber 2001, in response to the 9/11 attacks

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8
Q

republican

A

a form of government where governing authority is vested in the hands of the representatives of the citizens and a ruling monarch

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9
Q

mutually assured destruction (MAD)

A

a situation that would result from an unwinnable nuclear war

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10
Q

private property

A

something that is owned by an individual, including real estate, other forms of physical possessions, and intellectual property

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11
Q

“war on terror”

A

a military, political, and ideological conflict headed by the US, which was a direct result of the 9/11, terrorist attacks on that country

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12
Q

Define: Reactionary

A

Opposed to progressive social or political change.

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13
Q

Define: Nazism

A

Ideology of the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) of Germany who`s leader was Adolf Hitler.

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14
Q

Define :Self Interest

A

Placing your own needs or desires before those of others

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15
Q

protest

A

a statement of dissent

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16
Q

welfare state

A

a state in which the economy is capitalist, but the government uses polices that directly/indirectly modify the market forces in order to ensure economic stability and a basic standard of living for its citizens, isually through social programs

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17
Q

emancipation

A

freeing from restraint, especially legal, social, or political

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18
Q

stagflation

A

an economic condition where stagnation and high inflation occur at the same time

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19
Q

physiocrats

A

a group of Enlightenment philosophers in France who criticized the prevailing economics of mercantilism (believed government should leave business entrepreneurs alone to follow their natural self-interest)

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20
Q

Define: Societal Norms

A

Culturally established rules prescribing appropriate behavior.

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21
Q

laissez-faire

A

non-interference or non-intervention. (supports free markets and an individual’s right to own private property)

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22
Q

enclosure

A

the act of enclosing. land that had been held in common becomes the private property of an individual

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23
Q

party solidarity

A

a requiremnt that all party members vote with their party, except in rare instances when the party leadership explicitly frees them from this obligation, in what is known as a free vote

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24
Q

dictatorship of the proletariat

A

the theoritical organization of a communist society in the earlt stages of communism

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25
Q

humanist

A

someone who believes in the supremacy of reason of individuals over faith and who has developed an interpretation of history and beliefs about human nature, the structure of society, and the purpose of life, based on reason rather than religion

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26
Q

election fraud

A

changing the true results of an election by various means

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27
Q

deterrence

A

the Cold War foreign policy of both major powers aiming to deter the strategic advances of the other through arms development and arms build up.

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28
Q

economic freedom

A

the freedom to buy what you want and to sell your labour, idea, or product to whomever you wish.

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29
Q

dissuasion

A

french word for deterrence

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30
Q

enemy aliens

A

non-citizens who come from an enemy country

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31
Q

New Deal

A

economic policies put inj place by Roosevelt which gave the government a more significant role in the regulation of the economy and in providing social “safety net” programs

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32
Q

Define: Communism

A

a political, social and economic system in which property is collectively owned and each citizen works for the common good according to his or her abilities and receives according to his or her needs.

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33
Q

Define: Liberalism

A

The name given to a number of ideologies committed to the principle of dignity and worth of every person as the foundation of society.

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34
Q

worldview

A

a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an indicidual or group

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35
Q

oligarchy

A

a form of government in which political power rests with a small elite segment of society

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36
Q

red scare

A

an intense fear of communism that overcame the mojority of the American population during WWII, influencing everything from movies and television to national security

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37
Q

Great Depression

A

an economic crisis that began in late 1929 with the stock market crash and continued through the 1930’s.

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38
Q

utopian socialists

A

humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist countries of the 19th century

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39
Q

capitalism (laissez-faire capitalism)

A

an economic system based on free markets, fair competition, wise consumers, and profit-motivated producers

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40
Q

individual rights and freedoms

A

a key principle of individualism and an important feature of liberal demoncracies

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41
Q

limited government

A

the principle of little government involvement in the affairs of an economy, in the belief that this results in more efficient self-regulating markets

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42
Q

USA Patriot Act

A

controversial legislation passed by the US government in 2001 to deter and punish terrorist acts in the US. (some americans argue the act is a threat to personal liberties)

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43
Q

Marxism

A

a radical form of socialism, often called scientific socialism or communism to distinguish it from other socialist ideologies

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44
Q

War Measures Act

A

a Canadian law that gave the federal cabinet emergency powers for circumstances where it determines that the threat of war, invasion, or insurrection, real or apprehended exists

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45
Q

military dictatorship

A

a form of government in which political power resides with the military leadership

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46
Q

collective interest

A

the set of interests that memebers of a group have in common

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47
Q

labour standards

A

government enforced rules and standards aimed at safe, clean, wo`rking enviroments, and the protection of workers’ rights to free association, collectibe bargaining, and freedom from discrimination

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48
Q

urbanization

A

an increase in the number of people residing in cities and an extension of urban boundaries to include areas that were previously rural

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49
Q

illiberal

A

ideologies opposed to the values, beliefs, and principles of liberalism

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50
Q

labour movement

A

the effort by organized labour to improve conditions for workers

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51
Q

pacifism

A

a commitment to peace and opposition to war

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52
Q

collectivization

A

an economic policy where all land is taken away from private owners and combined in large, collectively worked farms

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53
Q

authoritarianism

A

a form of government with authority vested in an elite group that may or may not rule in the interests of the people

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54
Q

perspective

A

the outlook of a particular group of people with the same age, culture, economics, faith, language, or other shared quality

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55
Q

competition

A

the act or an instance of competing or contending with other. (eg. for supermacy, a position, or prize)

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56
Q

universal suffrage

A

the right to all members of society, once they reach the age of accountability, to participate politically

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57
Q

direct demoncracy

A

a form of government in which the people participate in deciding issues directly

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58
Q

mercantilism

A

an economic theory that says the aim of all economic pursuits should be to strengthen the power and wealth of the state

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59
Q

proxy war

A

conflicts in which on superpower provides support to a group or state that opposes the rival superpower

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60
Q

public property

A

anything not privately owned by individuals

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61
Q

iron curtain

A

sa phase coined by Winston Churchill in 1947 that refers to the barrier in Europe between self governing, pro democratic, pro capitalist countries of the West and countries in pro Soviet Eastern Europe under communist Soviet control

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62
Q

non-alignment

A

the position raken during the Cold War by those countries in the UN that did not form an alliance with either the US or Soviet Union

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63
Q

satellite state

A

a state that is formally independent but is dominated by another more powerful state

64
Q

Define: Personal Identities

A

A set of characteristics that connect or set people apart from others.

65
Q

postmodernism

A

a movement of thought, art, and criticism that raises questions about the faith that moderns have in reason and in progress, and tries to get people to rethink their assumptions about the meaning of modern life

66
Q

superpower

A

a state that has great power and influence

67
Q

human rights

A

also knmown as “natural rights”, the rights and freedoms to which humans are entitled

68
Q

define: Extremism

A

A person who has fanatical or immoderate views and beliefs.

69
Q

single-member constituency

A

an electorial process wherby each constituency sends a single representative to the legislature

70
Q

conscientious objection

A

the refusal to perform military service on moral or religious grounds

71
Q

trickle-down economics

A

government economic policies that include reduced income and buisness taxes, reduced regulation, and increased government spending on the military

72
Q

proportional representation

A

a system of government where citizens vote directly for a party, and then representatives are assigned based on the amount of popular support obtained

73
Q

espionage

A

the practice of spying or using of spies

74
Q

Define: Collective Norms

A

Culturally established rules prescribing appropriate behavior.

75
Q

neo-consevatism

A

an ideology that emerged in the US during the 1950’s and 60’s as a reaction against modern liberal principles

76
Q

Define : Common Good

A

The welfare of society as a whole

77
Q

naturalization

A

the process of applying for citizenship and becoming a citizen

78
Q

citizenship

A

membership by birth or naturalization in a society, community, or country that entails definable rights of participation and protection, and certain respponsibilities and duties to the society, community, or country

79
Q

define : Conservative

A

A belief that society should remain the way it has been traditionally.

80
Q

egalitarianism

A

a political principle that holds that all people should be treated as equals and allowed equal civil, social, political, and economic rights under the law

81
Q

point of view

A

an individuals’s opinion, based on that individual’s personal experience and values

82
Q

progressivism

A

a 1920’s movement in US that reacted to the perceived abuses of laissez-faire capitalism by large corporations

83
Q

environmentalism

A

a political and ethical ideology that focuses on protecting the natural environment and lessening the harmful effects that human activties have on the ecosystem

84
Q

Define: Progressivism

A

A political movement that calls for social, economic, or political reform especially for the average citizen in regard to some regulation in the economy , better labor laws, and greater social justice.

85
Q

traditional economy

A

an economic system usually practised by a pre-industrialized society

86
Q

feminism

A

the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes

87
Q

Cold War

A

the political, economic, and social struggle between the Soviet Union and it allies, and the U.S. and its allies, conducted using propoganda, economic measures, and espionage rather than military means

88
Q

political dissidents

A

people who diagree with the ppolicies and actions of their government

89
Q

Define: Ideology

A

a theory or idea that explains one’s world and his or her place in it, based on assumptions about the nature of human beings and society.

90
Q

Enlightenment

A

an intellectual movement when classical liberalism spread though Europe and changed some people’s beliefs about religion, reason, nature, and human beings. (The Age of Reason)

91
Q

self-reliance

A

the quality of being solely responsible for one’s own well-being

92
Q

Define: individualism

A

An approach to social organization that promotes individual rights over group needs and advocates personal independence

93
Q

Define: moderate

A

A person or ideology that shuns extremism and rejects violence as a means to achieving political or social goals.

94
Q

Define: Identity

A

The key characteristics that people use to describe who they are.

95
Q

democracy

A

a form of government in which power is ultimately vested in the people

96
Q

detente

A

a period of the Cold War during which the major powers tried to lessen the tensions between them through diplomacy, arms talks and reductions, and cultural exchanges

97
Q

dissent

A

the political act of disagreeing

98
Q

libertaion movements

A

military and political struggles of people for independence from countries that have colonized or otherwise opressed them

99
Q

foreign policy

A

the course of action taken by a country in its relations with other countries

100
Q

one-party state

A

a form of government where only one party foprms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election

101
Q

philanthropy

A

a cocern for, and an effort to improve, the state of humankind through donations of money, time, or talents

102
Q
A
103
Q

classical conservatism

A

an ideology that says government should represent the legacy of the past as well as the well-being of the present, and that society should be structured in a hierarchical fashion, that government should be chosen by a limited electorate, that leaders should be hmanitarian, and that the stability of society is all important

104
Q

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

A

declaration that outlines the human rights to which all people are entitled

105
Q

Define : Assumption

A

The belief that something is right or wrong, without proof.

106
Q

radical

A

extrem; revolutionary. A radical change in a political regime often rejects the political and economic traditions of the past

107
Q

welfare capitalism

A

initiatives by industrialists to provide workers with non-monetary rewards to head off the growing demand for labour unions

108
Q

draft dodger

A

someone who avoids conscription or compulsory military service, usually by fleeing the country

109
Q

internment camp

A

dtention facilities used to cinfine political prisoners and people of specific national or minority groups

110
Q

political participation

A

any number of wways a citizen can be involved in the political process, such as voting, running as a candidate, supporting a candidate, attending constituency meetings, speaking out, demonstrating, protesting, writing letters to elected representatives

111
Q

sphere of influence

A

the territories and countries over which a powerful country dominates

112
Q

deficit

A

a deficiency; an excess of liabilities or expenditures over income or assets in a given period

113
Q

containment

A

the American Cold War foreign policy of containing the spread of communism by establishing strategic allies around the world through trade and military alliances.

114
Q

mixed economy

A

an economic system based on free market principles but with some government intervention

115
Q

inflation

A

an increase in the general price level of products, the cost of labour, and interest rates

116
Q

civil rights movements

A

popular movements, notably in the U.S. in the 1950’s and 60’s that work to extend rights to marginalized members of society

117
Q

Define: Progressive Taxation

A

The situation in which people with more disposable income pay a higher percentage of income tax than people with less income.

118
Q

Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms

A

a document entrenched in the Constitutional Act, 1982 that lists and describes the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to Canadians

119
Q

Define: Collectivism

A

An approach to social organization that puts the needs of the group as a whole above the needs and rights of individuals within the group.

120
Q

free market

A

a market that operates with limited government intervention

121
Q

collective responsibilty

A

holding a whole group or collective responsible for the actions of individuals (or individual groups) within the group or collective

122
Q

economic equality

A

a principle common to collectivist ideologies which can have different meanings depending on the person or ideology

123
Q

censorship

A

the act of restricting freedom of expression or freedom of access to ideas or works, usually by governments, and usuakky to protect the percieved common good

124
Q

representative demoncracy

A

a form of government in which a small group of politicians are elected by a larger group of citizens

125
Q

pandemics

A

outbreaks of disease on a global scale

126
Q

Define: Rule of law

A

The principle that real authority comes only from written, publicly-available laws that are adopted and enforced for all people.

127
Q

Emergencies Act

A

a set of laws that permits the Canadian government to invoke special measures to deal with emergencies. (Replaced the War Measures Act)

128
Q

humanitarianism

A

trying to improve the lives of others and to reduce their suffering through various means, including social reform and aid

129
Q

civil disobedience

A

the refusal to obey a law because it is considered to be unjust

130
Q

Luddism

A

a protest movement in the early 1800’s against industrialization and mechanization

131
Q

labour unions

A

associations of workers engaged in a similar function who unite to speak with management about their concerns

132
Q

monopoly

A

the exclusive ownership or control of trade in a particular good or service

133
Q

personal identity

A

the idea you have of yourself as a unique individual

134
Q

draft

A

conscription or compulsory military service

135
Q

Reaganomics

A

the economic policies of Reagan, which advocated less government intervention in the economy and pro-industry, anti-labour, anti-regualtion, anti-enviromental regulations policies

136
Q

Define: Socialism

A

An ideology with equality and government involvement for the common good as the central features.

137
Q

McCarthyism

A

an anti-communist movement in the U.S. intended to uncover and persecute those who percieved ties to communism with the US government, universities, and entertainment industries

138
Q

expansionism

A

a country’s foreign policy of acquiring additional territory through the violation of another country’s sovereignty for reasons of defence, resources, markets, national pride, or percieved racial superiority

139
Q

enfranchisment

A

granting people the rights of citizens, especially the right to vote

140
Q

command economy

A

an economic system based on public (state) ownership of property in which government planners decide which goods to produce, how to produce them, and how they should be distributed. centrally planned economy. usually found in communist states

141
Q

totalitarianism

A

a government system that seeks complete control over the public and private lives of its citizens

142
Q

no-fly list

A

a list of people whom the Canadian government has identified as potentially posing an immediate threat to aviation security

143
Q

brinkmanship

A

international behaviour or foreign policy that takes a country to the brink of war

144
Q

referendum/ pelbiscite

A

all citizens vote on whether to accept or reject a proposed peice of legislation

145
Q

Who make up Canada’s Executive Branch

A

Prime Minister and his cabinet

146
Q

Who makes up Canada’s Legislative Branch

A

House of Commons and Sennate

147
Q

Who makes up Canada’s Judicial Branch

A

Judges and Court System

148
Q

VETO

A

When the president chooses not to sign a bill into law

149
Q

How can a law be passed without approval from the president?

A

They can override the presidential vote with a two-thirds majority vote

150
Q

White Paper

A

To abolsih everything that kept First Nations and INuit People distinct from the rest of the people of Canada

151
Q

speed of changes for Radical

A

Rapid

152
Q

speed of changes for Liberal

A

Gradual

153
Q

speed of changes for Moderate

A

Slow to no change

154
Q

speed of changes for Conservative

A

No Change

155
Q

Speed of changes for Reactionary

A

Return to the past

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