Social Sciences

Question 1

Social science

Answer 1

The field of human knowledge that deals with all aspects of the group life
of human beings

Question 2

disciplines within the Social Sciences

Answer 2

1. Anthropology
2. Economics
3. Geography
4. History
5. Linguistics
6. Political Science
7. Psychology
8. Sociology and Demography
9. Sociology

Question 3

Anthropology

Answer 3

is the holistic “science of man,” - a science of the totality of human existence.
Physical Anthropology Cultural Anthropology

Question 4

Economics

Answer 4

is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services

Question 5

Geography

Answer 5

is the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. It
is “the bridge between the human and physical sciences.

Question 6

Physical Geography:

Answer 6

environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as
well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy.

Question 7

Human Geography

Answer 7

examines the natural environment and how the climate, vegetation & life, soil,
water, and landforms are produced and interact

Question 8

History

Answer 8

the study of the past of human in the world.

Question 9

Political Science

Answer 9

is the study of social arrangement to maintain peace and order within a society.
State, Politics, power, Law, and ideology are components of Political Science

Question 10

Psychology

Answer 10

is the study of the human soul/ mind/ behavior/ personality and how these are
affected by individual’s environment

Question 11

Sociology

Answer 11

is the study of human social relationships or social systems or human group behavior.
Sociology is the systematic study of society and human social action.

Question 12

Social Problem

Answer 12

A social problem is any condition or behavior that has negative consequences for large numbers
of people and that is generally recognized as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed.

Question 13

Sociological Perspective

Answer 13

Music, fashion, technology, and values—all are products of culture.

Question 14

Functionalists

Answer 14

view society as a system in which all parts work—or function—together to create
society as a whole.

Question 15

Conflict theorists

Answer 15

view social structure as inherently unequal, based on power differentials related
to issues like class, gender, race, and age.

Question 16

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 16

is a sociological perspective that is most concerned with the face-to-face
interactions between members of society.

Question 17

Karl Marx

Answer 17

The history of all existing society is the history of class struggles.

Question 18

Emile Durkheim

Answer 18

“Modern society is held together by a division of labor that makes individuals
dependent upon one another because they specialize in different types of work.

Question 19

Max Weber

Answer 19

“An action that a person does not think about cannot be a social action”

Question 20

CONFLICT THEORY

Answer 20

The role of COERCION and POWER in producing social order. This perspective is derived from the
works of Karl Marx, who saw society as fragmented groups that compete for social and economic
resources.

Question 21

Karl Marx

Answer 21

Inequality exists because those in control of a disproportionate share of society’s resources
actively defend their advantages.

Question 22

CONSENSUS THEORY

Answer 22

States that social change should occur in institutions that are provided by a political or economic
system
-States that the absence of conflict within society is the state of equilibrium (a state of rest or
balance due to the equal action of opposing forces, an equal balance between any powers,
influences, etc.; equality of effect.)

Question 23

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM

Answer 23

states that society is made up of various institutions that work together in cooperation

Question 24

Define the Problem

Answer 24

This one is probably the most important. If you have carefully defined your terms, you can save
an enormous amount of energy.

Question 25

Knowledge of the relevant literature is essential because it provides background, suggests
approaches, indicate what has already been covered and what hasn’t, and saves you from redoing
what has already been done. It is a way of using other people’s observation.

Answer 25

Literature Review

Question 26

Theoretical Framework

Answer 26

Make a statement predicting your results and clarify what each of the terms in the statement
means within the framework of your research.

Question 27

Collecting the Necessary data

Answer 27

Data are what one collects from careful observation.

Question 28

Drawing conclusions

Answer 28

Drawing conclusions
Now you can prepare a report, summarizing the steps you have followed and discussed what you
have found. Good findings will relate your conclusions to the existing body of research.

Question 29

Analyzing the Results

Answer 29

When all data are in classify facts, identify trends, recognize relationships and tabulate the
information so that it can be accurately analyzed and interpreted.

Question 30

Typical Method in Social Science

Answer 30

The historical method relies heavily on a study of their (subjects) historical background

Question 31

Theories

Answer 31

Theories are a set of principles or concepts and generalizations so arranged that they explain and
predict possible relationships among phenomena.

Question 32

Concepts

Answer 32

are used to simplify the way people think and communicate.

Question 33

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
is based on 5 key observations and inferences

Answer 33

1. Species have great fertility. They make more offspring than they can grow to adulthood.
2. Populations remain roughly the same size with modest fluctuations
3. Food resources are limited but are relatively constant most of the time.
4. In sexually reproducing species, generally, no two individuals are identical. Variations are
   rampant.
5. Much of this variation is heritable

Question 34

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

Answer 34

1. Variation – There is a variation in every population
2. Competition – Organisms compete for limited resources
3. Offspring – organisms produce more offspring than can survive
4. Genetics - Organisms pass Genetic traits on to their offspring
5. Natural Selection – Those organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive
   and reproduce.

Question 35

AUGUST COMTE (1798-1857)

Answer 35

Suggested the idea that human thought is divided into 3 categories:
i. Theology - whereby the thoughts are influenced by religion and supernatural beliefs.
ii. Metaphysic -thoughts that are influenced by an abstract idea that is gathered from
incident and physical phenomenon.
iii. Positivism - man think by using scientific methods to explore the incidents and the
physical phenomenon around them.

Question 36

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

Answer 36

Assumed of the existence of equal evolutionary process between biological organisms and
people
His idea about the natural social evolution was influenced by Darwin’s idea of “Survival of the
Fittest”
The fittest will survive in the process while the weak will be eliminated naturally according to
the law of nature
Hence, his idea refuses the element of force in the human social system

Question 37

Popularized Cultural Evolution Theory
Made assumptions that any society can be divided according to 3 levels of survival
Savagery - society which lives as nomads and indulges in hunting and food gathering
Barbarism - society which lives in a particular place and plants for survival
Civilization - society which lives in a particular place and starts to use technology

Answer 37

Lewis Henry Morgan (1818- 1881)

Question 38

Considered a founder of symbolic interactionism though he never published his work on it
(LaRossa and Reitzes 1993).

Answer 38

George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)