Social Relations: Intergroup Dynamics Flashcards
Prejudice
A negative attitude towards people based on their membership in a group
Discrimination
Overt behaviour that involves treating people unfairly based on the group to which they belong
Category accentuation
A tendency to exaggerate the difference between categories
Out-group homogeneity bias
The tendency of individuals to generally view members of out groups as being more similar to one another than are members of in-groups
Prototypes
The most typical and familiar members of a category, or class
In-group favouritism
The tendency to favour in-group members and attribute more positive qualities to ‘us’ than to ‘them’
Out-group derogation
A tendency to attribute more negative qualities to ‘them’ than to ‘us’
Realistic conflict theory
Competition for limited resources fosters prejudice
Explicit prejudice
Prejudiced attitudes that are measured using self-report instruments such as questionnaires
Implicit prejudice
Prejudiced attitudes that are measured using reaction-time-based indirect measures
Stereotype threat
Stereotypes create self-consciousness among stereotyped group members and a fear that they will live up to other people’s stereotypes
Intergroup contact
Contact between members of different groups is likely to reduce prejudice when it occurs under the four conditions of equal status contact
Mere exposure effect
Repeated exposure to a stimulus typically increases our liking for it
Matching effect
We are most likely to have a partner whose level of physical attractiveness is similar to our own
Social exchange theory
The course of a relationship is governed by rewards and costs that the partners experience
Attachment
A deep bond between two individuals
Passionate love
Intense emotion, arousal and yearning for the partner
Companionate love
Affection and deep caring about the partners well-being
Triangular theory of love
Love involves three major components: passion, intimacy and commitment
Kin selection
Organisms are most likely to help others with whom they share the most genes, namely their offspring and genetic relatives
Empathy-altruism hypothesis
Altruism is produced by empathy- the ability to put oneself in the place of another and to share what that person is experiencing
Bystander effect
The presence of multiple bystanders inhibits each persons tendency to help, largely due to social comparison or diffusion of responsibility
Catharsis
Performing an act of aggression discharges aggressive energy and temporarily reduces our impulse to be aggressive
