Social Psychology Test

Question 1

Adjusting behavior or thinking toward some group standard. Ex. Face the rear, Asch study. Reasons for Conforming are Normative social influence and Informational social influence

Answer 1

Conformity

Question 2

conform to avoid the awkwardness of not conforming, wants to fit in, even when you know you are wrong

Answer 2

Normative Conformity

Question 3

conform to others because we believe them and think they are more accurate, convinced that the group is right and you are wrong

Answer 3

Informational Conformity

Question 4

Influences on conformity

Answer 4

Size of the group
No one else dissents – are you alone or not
Confusion – guy with the hat
Public – voicing your opinion in public
Similarities – the people are like you in some ways
Authority – conform to people of higher status – again guy with the hat
Culture – individualist or collectivist
Need for acceptance – people w/ low self-esteem and high social anxiety

Question 5

to be submissive to an authority. Ex. Milgram study

Answer 5

Obedience

Question 6

Attributing behaviors to either disposition or situation (dispositional attribution or situational attribution)

Answer 6

Attribution theory

Question 7

Overestimating disposition and underestimating situation when we evaluate other’s behavior

Answer 7

Fundamental attribution error

Question 8

Conflict between our attitudes/beliefs and our behavior– which causes anxiety and tension. Resolved by changing our behavior or attitude to match the other. BUT….we usually bring our attitude to match behavior.

Answer 8

Cognitive dissonance

Question 9

The large number of people who witnessed the violent event decreased the willingness of any one individual to step in and help.

Answer 9

Bystander effect

Question 10

Altruism: Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 10

Altruism

Question 11

improved performance in front of a crowd

Answer 11

Social facilitation

Question 12

tendency to exert less effort when in a group

Answer 12

Social loafing

Question 13

Loss of self-control and self-restraint in a group and anonymous (mob mentality)

Answer 13

Deindividuation

Question 14

enhancement of groups ideas when with the group

Answer 14

Group polarization

Question 15

You don’t speak up bc you don’t want to ruin the harmony of the group

Answer 15

Groupthink

Question 16

Use evidence and arguments to persuade (logic)

Answer 16

Central route persuasion

Question 17

Use superficial cues to persuade (emotions)

Answer 17

Peripheral route persuasion

Question 18

Goes beyond anger, Physical and/or verbal behavior with INTENT to hurt/destroy

Answer 18

Aggression

Question 19

Causes of Aggression

Answer 19

Genetics – genetic markers (Y chromosome)
Neurology – stimulate certain parts of brain (amygdala) and poof aggression
Biochemical – high testosterone, low serotonin, alcohol
Psychology and aggression - Frustration aggression principle (frustration causes you to get aggressive), Rewarding aggression (our society rewards aggression), Modeling aggression (kids model what they see)

Question 20

An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group

Answer 20

Prejudice

Question 21

unjustifiable negative behavior

Answer 21

Discrimination

Question 22

Reasons for Prejudice/discrimination

Answer 22

Social inequalities - justifications
In-group bias – favoring your group
Emotions and prejudice (9/11)
Scapegoat – angry need someone to blame
The mind and prejudice = Categorize, Vivid cases, Just-world phenomenon, Out-group homogeneity bias (stereotyping), Hindsight bias

Question 23

Attraction

Answer 23

Proximity – They were just there
Mere exposure effect – They wouldn’t go away
Attractiveness – They’re a hottie (Subjective)
Similar attitudes and interest – Opposites actually don’t attract
Romantic love — Passionate love (honeymoon phase) and Companionate love (deep, affectionate attachment)

Question 24

They wouldn’t go away, repeated exposure makes us develop a sense of liking

Answer 24

Mere exposure effect

Question 25

Favoring your group

Answer 25

In group bias

Question 26

Frustration causes you to get aggressive

Answer 26

Frustration aggression principle

Question 27

You are angry and need someone to blame

Answer 27

Scapegoat theory

Question 28

Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 28

the Stanford Prison Experiment was when people were assigned to be guards or prisoners, the experiment revealed how people will readily conform to the social roles they are expected to play

Question 29

Obedience Experiment (Milgram)

Answer 29

50% of “teachers” went to the max. Reasons - Told not dangerous, It was Yale, It appeared to be important, Were being paid, Experimenter was taking responsibility, Foot-in-the-door phenomenon. Less obedient when - Saw some else discontinue, When authority figure not in room

Question 30

Asch experiment

Answer 30

The Asch conformity experiments consisted of a group “vision test”, where study participants were found to be more likely to conform to obviously wrong answers if first given by other “participants”, who were actually working for the experimenter.

Question 31

Once you start doing something small, you are more likely to continue to something big - think Milgram experiment

Answer 31

Foot in the door effect

Question 32

Social psychologist who ran the Stanford prison experiment about conformity

Answer 32

Phillip Zimbardo

Question 33

Social psychologist who ran the obedience experiment at Yale University

Answer 33

Stanley Milgram

Question 34

social psychologists who sought to understand bystander behavior. They analyzed the reactions of those who witnessed Kitty Genovese’s cries for help. From that analysis they came up with a theory (the theory of bystander effect) and tested it on students at a University. created a Model of Helping based on their study.

Answer 34

Bibb Darley and John Latane:

Question 35

social psychologist, ran a conformity experiment (based on vision)

Answer 35

Solomon Asch