Social Psychology - Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stigma Flashcards
What are privileges and disadvantages in relation to ourselves?
3+ aspects of identity, background, characteristics, appearance, etc. that result in an advantage or disadvantage over others
What are stereotypes?
generalized belief about a group applied to every member of a group
- relates to cognition
- can be positive/negative
- groups vs individuals (agree or reject)
What is the dual attitude system in relation to stereotypes?
- explicit/conscious = people are able to and willing to report
- measured directly
- awareness vs endorsement - implicit/automatic = people are unable or unwilling to report (can be subconscious)
- measured indirectly
What is the implicit associations test?
measured by ease of associating different social categories with positive/negative words
What is prejudice?
an unjustified attitude toward a group and its members
- relates to AFFECT
- any group can be affected/experience this
Why is trying to “re-educate” prejudiced people ineffective?
powerful emotional component
What are the different gender prejudices?
sexism = individual;s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex OR institutional practices that subordinate people of a given sex
- strong gender stereotypes
-women as well as men discriminate against women
What is an example of sexism?
Hurricane max vs Hurrican Maxine
- hurricanes with male names were predicted to be more intense and vice versa
BUT there was
- no difference in severity for masculine or feminine names hurricanes
- 15.15 deaths for masculine and 41.84 for feminine
Who are the targets of prejudice?
LGBTQ
- 26 countries allow same sex couples to adopt and 22 countries allow same-sex marriages
- increased risk for violence in any culture -> violence and stigma higher in countries with legal and social exclusion
- one killing a week since beginning of 2019 in US
What is discrimination?
unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group
- related to BEHAVIOR
- difficult to document, institutionalized, and micro-aggressions
What was the resume study on race and gender?
- race - african americans has lower call back for both high quality and low quality resumes
- gender - males rated higher based on preferrable qualities compared to female; significantly in terms of salary
What are the roots of prejudice?
just world phenomenon, victim blaming, in-group bias, scapegoat theory, and the other-race effect
What is the just-world phenomenon?
tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
- unequal treatment is because they did something to deserve that treatment
What is victim blaming?
act of holding a victim of crime, accident, or any other harmful event responsible for the harm they suffered
- if they blame the victim = they believe they could have avoided harm
What is in-group bias?
favoring one’s own group even if membership is arbitrary
1. characteristics:
- more favorable attributions
- biased allocations of resources
- less favorable view of out-group
- belief in out-group homegeneity
