Social Psychology - Quiz #2 Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of unrealistic optimism?
A. The stock market is a very risky place
B. If I quit smoking, I’ll lower my risk of cancer
C. If I study enough, I’ll do well on this exam
D. I’m sure I’ll get a great job when I graduate
D. I’m sure I’ll get a great job when I graduate
Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his “Stanford Prison Study” to
A. the roles the subjects played
B. failures to process relevant information
C. his leadership behavior
D. the personality traits of prisoners
A. the roles the subjects played
Counterfactual thinking is more likely when
A. the event is insignificant
B. we can easily picture an alternative outcome
C. we are not expecting a favorable outcome
D. we are surprised by favorable results
B. we can easily picture an alternative outcome
Following the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1954 decision to desegregate schools, the percentage of Europeans-Americans favoring integrated schools more doubled. This is an example of how
A. moral actions feed moral attitudes
B. attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined
C. attitudes influence behavior when they are potent
D. moral attitudes feed moral actions
A. moral actions feed moral attitudes
Activating particular associations in memory is called
A. galvanization
B. initiation
C. priming
D. triggering
C. priming
The effect of _____ on _____ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo’s (1971) classic study of a simulated prison.
A. roles; attitudes
B. roles; behaviors
C. attitudes; behaviors
D. attitudes; roles
B. roles; behaviors
Although you may spend the evening surfing the internet rather than studying, you have been quite a disciplined student throughout your academic career and have always held the attitude that studying is important. The relationship between your studying behavior and your attitude toward studying is important. The relationship between your studying behavior and your attitude toward studying can best be described by which social psychological term?
A. moral hypocrisy
B. the ABCs of attitudes
C. behavioral inconsistency
D. the principle of aggregation
D. the principle of aggregation
Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. He’s afraid of being unemployed and alone. Josh’s wishes and fears constitute his
A. independent self
B. possible selves
C. self-schema
D. social comparison
B. possible selves
Which saying reflects the false consensus effect?
A. Everyone does it!
B. The devil made me do it.
C. No one is better than me.
D. We’re all in this together.
A. Everyone does it!
Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to
A. act more kindly toward others
B. become more aggressive toward others
C. feeling increasingly guilty
D. Disparage the victim to justify behavior
D. Disparage the victim to justify behavior
Carmen was assigned a term a paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. She figured it would only take only two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn’t even halfway done yet! Carmen’s underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of
A. learned helplessness
B. self-handicapping
C. defensive pessimism
D. planning fallacy
D. planning fallacy
Allison’s parents are so happy that she enjoys reading. They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads. According to the over justification effect, how will Allison react to this new reward system?
A. She will become less interested in reading.
B. She will be more selective in which books remain the same.
C. Her attitude toward reading will remain the same.
D. She will enjoy reading even more.
A. She will become less interested in reading.
Juan needed to decide if he should live at home with his parents or in a dorm this year. He liked the idea of the freedom of the dorm but knew it was cheaper to live at home. According to cognitive dissonance theory, after deciding to stay at home Juan will likely
A. wish that he had decided to move to the dorm
B. change his mind at the last minute and ultimately live in the dorms
C. feel like he made the right decision wish he could have afforded the move
D. feel confident that he made the best decision; dorms are expensive and dirty anyway
D. feel confident that he made the best decision; dorms are expensive and dirty anyway
After much deliberation, you decide on a college to attend. After you have your decision, you find yourself reducing any dissonance by ______ the chosen university and ______ the unchosen universities.
A. downgrading; upgrading
B. upgrading; downgrading
C. focusing on; ignoring
D. ignoring; focusing on
B. upgrading; downgrading
Sharon typically watched televised news stations that support her existing political beliefs. She is less inclined to watch the news on the stations, as it may disprove her preconceptions. Sharon’s approach illustrates the
A. confirmation bias
B. misinformation
C. I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
D. base-rate fallacy
A. confirmation bias
The fact that 76 percent of Californias’ agreed to install a huge ugly sign in their front yard after first being approached with a small request two weeks earlier exemplifies the ______ phenomenon.
A. foot-in-the-door
B. conformity
C. compliance
D. lowball
A. foot-in-the-door
Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to ______ situational influences and ______ dispositional influences on behavior.
A. overestimate; underestimate
B. underestimate; overestimate
C. overestimate; ignore
D. underestimate; ignore
B. underestimate; overestimate
While waiting to cross the street, you witness a man running a red light - causing a three-car accident. Just after it happens the man who ran the stoplight gets out of the car to talk to you. Just after it happens, the man who ran the stoplight gets out of the car to talk to you. He tells you that the light was yellow. Later you tell police that you remembered the light being yellow, not red, when the man went through the intersection. This scenario illustrates
A. the misinformation effect
B. the priming effect
C. the confirmation bias
D. belief perseverance
A. the misinformation effect
Kelly just saw a news report about an airplane crash. She now believes that she is more likely to be in an airplane than an automobile accident. This is an example of the
A. algorithm
B. availability heuristic
C. counter factual thinking
D. representatives heuristic
B. availability heuristic
You believe that although you studied for a test, you will do poorly on it. This is an example of
A. a belief confirmation
B. behavioral perseverance
C. self-confirming validity
D. self-fulfilling prophecy
D. self-fulfilling prophecy
The three elements of the tri-components model of attitudes are
A. affect, behavior, cognition
B. beliefs, norms, and intentions
C. beliefs, opinions, and sentiments
D. liking, disliking, and ambivalence
A. affect, behavior, cognition
The implicit Association Test (IAT)
A. measures our behaviors
B. measures conscious attitudes
C. measures unconscious attitudes
D. measures both conscious and unconscious attitudes
C. measures unconscious attitudes
Interested in purchasing a digital camera, you find one priced extremely low. As you are about to purchase the camera, you find that it does not come with a power cord, memory card, or battery. You purchase all of these separately. The total cost surpasses what another store has listed the camera as at a higher price, bu included all the accessories. You have been a victim of the ________ technique.
A. conformity
B. compliance
C. foot-in-the-door
D. lowball
D. lowball
Sometimes the basis for one’s belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as
A. attitude consistency
B. belief persistence
C. rationalization
D. belief perseverance
D. belief perseverance
