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psychology 4 -7 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social psychology

A

how people influence other peoples thoughts, feelings and actions

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2
Q

Social Brain Hypothesis

A

primates have large brains (prefrontal cortex’s) because they live in complex social groups

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3
Q

What are the biological and evolutionary benefits of GROUPING

A

increases security from predators ;and hunting and gathering

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4
Q

What is the downside of GROUPING

A

Outgroups are competing for the same resources

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5
Q

Ingroup

A

particular people within same group

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6
Q

Outgroup

A

Those who do not belong to the ingroup

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7
Q

When does ingroup and outgroup behavior begin

A

Infancy

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8
Q

Define Reciprocity

A

person A, helps person B

You scratch my back, I scratch yours

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9
Q

Define Transitivity

A

People share their friends’ opinions of other people

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10
Q

Outgroup homogeneity effect

A

View outgroup members as less varied than ingroup members

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11
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

Ingroups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership

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12
Q

What defines the ability to have pride in school, ethnicity, and country: defining yourself by those groups

A

Social Identity

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13
Q

Ingroup favoritism

A

Favoritism to peope in the same group

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14
Q

Women and ingroup bias

A

Female friends tend to be comfortable expressing affection for each other

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15
Q

Important for thinking of other people in group bias’, after minimal group paradign

A

Prefrontal Cortex

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16
Q

Active when people see ingroup member is harmed, less in outgroups

A

Pain regions

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17
Q

The presence of others facilitates enhanced behavior

A

Social Facilitation

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18
Q

The idea that the presence of others generally enhances performance

A

Social Facilitation

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19
Q

People lack self-awareness and therefore do not pay attention to their personal standards (looters, rioters, cheering violent behavior)_

A

DeIndividuation

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20
Q

Group Decision making

Groups that make riskier decisions, than individual decisions

A

Risky-shift effect

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21
Q

Initial attitudes of groups become more extreme over time

A

Group Polarization

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22
Q

Tendency of a group to make a bad decision as a result of preserving the group
maintaining its cohesiveness
increased likeliness when a group is under pressure, facing external threats and is biased in a particular direction

A

Group think

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23
Q

Leaders must refrain from expressing their opinions too strongly at beginning of discussions , carefully go through alternatives and weigh pros and cons

A

Prevention of group think

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24
Q

People who work less hard in a group than working alone

A

Social Loafing

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25
Q

Altered behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people’s expectations

A

Conformity

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26
Q

Reasons why people conform:

Normative Influence

A

People conform in order to fit in with the group, avoid looking foolish

27
Q

Reasons why people conform:

Informational Influence

A

Assumption that the behavior of the crowd represents the correct way to respond

28
Q

Social Norms

A

Expected standards of conduct, appropriate behavior in an appropriate situation,

29
Q

Autokinetic Effect

first part

A

Stationary point of light appears to move when viewed in a totally dark environment
Occurs bc people have no frame of reference and cannot correct for small eye movement

30
Q

Tendency to agree to do things requested by others

A

To comply

31
Q

Factors that influence Compliance

A

Mood
failure to pay attention
conflict avoidance
simply given a reason

32
Q

Techniques of Compliance

1. foot in the door

A

Agree to small request, comply to a larger one

33
Q

Compliance Technique

2. Door in the Face

A

Refuse a large request, likely to comply with a smaller request

34
Q

Compliance Technique

3. Low-Balling

A

Agree to buy a product for a certain price, likely to comply with a request to pay more for the product

35
Q

Does social norms marketing reduce binge drinking

A

NO, light drinkers try to drink more to keep up with heavy drinker

36
Q

Define obediance

A

When a person follows the orders of a person or authority

37
Q

Define Aggression

A

Behavior that involves the intention to harm another

38
Q

situational factors that affect aggression

A
  • observational learning
  • social rejection
  • ostracized or rejection
  • desire to retaliate
  • heat
  • negative emotions
39
Q

Biological factors that effect aggression

A

MAOA gene
Serotonine
Testosterone

40
Q

Social and Cultural factors that effect aggression

A

Honor culture,

Drives people to commit violent acts

41
Q

Prosocial behaviors

A

Actions that tend to benefit others, such as doing favors or helping

42
Q

Why are humans prosocial

A

selflessness
biological
motivated by empathy
empathetic response

43
Q

Define Altruism

A

providing help when it is needed without any apparent reward

44
Q

Inclusive Fitness

A

Explains Altruism,
focuses on adaptive benefit of transmitting genes
Kin selection, rather than individual survival

45
Q

Reciprical helping

A

One may help another because the other may return the favor

benefits must outweigh the cost

46
Q

Bystander-intervention effect

A

Failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need when other people are present

47
Q

4 reasons for Bystander Intervention effect

A
  1. Diffusion of responsibility
  2. fear of social blunders
  3. Anonymous
  4. People who weigh two factors
    harm risk
    benefit risk
48
Q

Attitude

A

Peoples evaluation of objects, events, or of ideas

49
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

Idea that greater exposure to a stimulus
leads to greater liking for it
Used to seeing self in a mirror

50
Q

Attitudes are shaped by…..

A

Classical conditioning: advertising
Operant conditioning: good grades each time you study
Socialization: Caregivers, peers, teachers and religious leaders.

51
Q

Attitude Accessibility

A

Ease or difficulty that a person has in retrieving an attitude

52
Q

Explicit Attitude

A

you know about and can report to other people

53
Q

Implicit Attitude

A

Influence their feelings and behaviors at an unconscious level
form memory faster

54
Q

Nonverbal behavior

A

facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms and movements by which one communicates with others

55
Q

Attributions

A

Peoples explanation for why events of actions occur

56
Q

Personal Attributions

A

Explanations of peoples behavior that refer to their internal characteristics, abilities, traits, moods or efforts

57
Q

Situational Attributions

A

Explanation of peoples behavior that refer to external events, such as weather, luck, accidents or other peoples actions

58
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

other peoples behaviors, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors.

59
Q

Actor/observer discrepancy

A

People focus on situations to explain their own behavior while focusing on dispositions to explain other peoples behavior

60
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative feelings, opinions and beliefs associated with a stereotype.

61
Q

Discrimination

A

Inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people as a result of prejudice

62
Q

Modern Racism

A

subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist beliefs. Tend to believe that discrimination is no longer a serious problem

63
Q

Perspective taking

A

Involves people actively contemplating the psychological experiences of other people

64
Q

Perspective Giving

A

People share their experiences of being targets of discrimination

psychology 4 -7 (1 decks)

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