Social Psychology

Question 0

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Answer 0

Attribution Theory

Question 1

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Answer 2

Fundamental attribution error

Question 3

Feelings, often by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

Answer 3

Attitudes

Question 4

Attitude-change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Answer 4

Central route to persuasion

Question 5

Attitude-change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

Answer 5

Peripheral route to persuasion

Question 6

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Answer 6

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Question 7

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

Answer 7

Role

Question 8

When actions and attitudes clash

Answer 8

Cognitive dissonance

Question 9

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when to of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.

Answer 9

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 10

We naturally mimic others

Answer 10

Chameleon effect

Question 11

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group’s standards

Answer 11

Conformity

Question 12

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Answer 12

Normative social influence

Question 13

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

Answer 13

Informational social influence

Question 14

Stronger responses on simples or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Answer 14

Social facilitation

Question 15

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when individually accountable

Answer 15

Social loafing

Question 16

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Answer 16

Deindividualism

Question 17

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Answer 17

Group polarization

Question 18

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Answer 18

Groupthink

Question 19

An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members

Answer 19

Prejudice

Question 20

Prejudice means

Answer 20

“Prejudgment”

Question 21

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Answer 21

Discrimination

Question 22

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve that they get

Answer 22

Just-world phenomenon

Question 23

________ is rewards and _________ is punished

Answer 23

Good; evil

Question 24

Good is ___________ and evil is __________

Answer 24

Rewarded; punished

Question 25

“Us” - people with whom we share a common identity

Answer 25

Ingroup

Question 26

“Them” - those perceived as different or apart from our in group

Answer 26

Out group

Question 27

The tendency to favor our own group

Answer 27

Ingroup bias

Question 28

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Answer 28

Scapegoat theory

Question 29

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Answer 29

Aggression

Question 30

The principles that frustration (the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression

Answer 30

Frustration-aggression principle

Question 31

An at ousted state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Answer 31

Passionate Love

Question 32

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Answer 32

Compassionate Love

Question 33

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give

Answer 33

Equity

Question 34

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 34

Self-disclosure

Question 35

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 35

Altruism

Question 36

The tendency for a given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Answer 36

Bystander effect

Question 37

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Answer 37

Social-responsibility norms

Question 38

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Answer 38

Superordinate goals

Question 39

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Answer 39

Conflict

Question 40

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Answer 40

Social traps

Question 41

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

Answer 41

Mirror-image perceptions