social psychology Flashcards
Reverse halo effect
positive characteristics indicate presence of negative characteristics
factors that influence whether attitudes and behaviours match
- perceived control over the behaviour
- accessibility of the attitude
- strength of the attitude
- social context of the attitude
stereotyping
process of grouping individuals into a particular social or cultural group - ASSUMING THAT ALL MEMBERS SHARE THE SAME CHARACTERISTIC
stigma
negative attitudes about someone based on a distinguishing characteristic
cognitive consonance
Two mental process are consistent with each other. The relationship in which two elements work in harmony with one another.
ways to reduce cognitive dissonance
- change the dissonant cognition
- change the behaviour to suit the dissonant cognition
- add new cognitions or supportive elements to outweigh the dissonant cognition (rationalise/ justify)
representative heuristic
involves categorising a person, object, event or anything else by judging how closely it matches to our idea of a typical member of the category
Stigma
the feeling of shame or disgrace experienced by an individual for a characteristic that differentiates them from others
self stigma
result of the internalisation of negative stereotypes and can lead to poor self-efficacy and self esteem
social stigma
largely characterised by negative stereotypes as they come to define people and prevent them from being seen as an individual, leading to widespread discrimination
mental health (key words)
- state of wellbeing where the individual realises own abilities and can cope with normal stresses of life
- work productively and make a contribution to community
mental wellbeing
current psychological state, involving ability to think, process information and regulate emotions
intergroup contact (reduce prejudice)
prejudice can be reduced with increased interactions in certain circumstances (sustained contact, the contact hypothesis, mutual interdependence)
mutual interdependence
rivalry and prejudice will reduce if the groups are mutually depended on one another -> breakdown of stereotypes
equality of status (reduce prejudice)
status of a group: the importance or standing of the group when compared to other groups (status ≠ equal t/f view members differently)
aims of cognitive intervention
- individual must decide that prejudiced attitude is wrong
- they must hold to their non-prejudiced believes and incorporate into sense of self
- the individual must suppress prejudice reactions from conscious awareness and deliberately replace
Culture
Way of life of a particular society or community (sets it apart)
Individualist cultures
Prioritises the needs and goals of individuals & values independence
Collectivist cultures
Cultures that prioritise the needs and goals of a group and value collaboration and interdependence
6 types of power
Coercive
Expert
Informational
Legitimate
Referent
Reward
Coercive power
Can mediate and administer punishments
Expert power
Specialist knowledge or expertise
Informational
Has useful info that cannot be gained elsewhere
Legitimate
A right to prescribe behaviour for another
