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Psychology 2B > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

the theory of planned behaviour

A

behavioural intentions are more likely to lead to behaviour

this affected by attutide, subject norm, perceived behavioural control

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2
Q

Dual Process models of health behaviour

A

perception influences reflective process (reasoning, intending) and impulsive processes (associations, spreading activation)
these two processes lead to behaviour

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3
Q

automaticity

A

control of one’s internal psychological processes by external stimuli and events in an immediate environment often unconsciously

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4
Q

social perception

A

the degree to which people’s impressions of others are driven by automatic biases

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5
Q

social behaviour

A

formed through four factors
the situation i.e. event
the context
the presence of others
the way we think

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6
Q

social thinking

A

formed through the presence of others and the way we think

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7
Q

social cognition

A

various psychological processes that enable individuals to take advantage of being part of a social group

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8
Q

social inferences

A

underlie many social cognitive processes and allow us to make assumptions about people’s personalities, motivations, mental states and future behaviour

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9
Q

demand characteristics

A

cues that might indicate the study aims to participants

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10
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

behaviour reactivity in which individuals modify aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed

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11
Q

motivated tactician

A

shifting between quick and easy thinking to more slow, accurate thinking based on current goals

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12
Q

Accessibility

A

extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of people’s minds and likely to be used for judgements about the social world

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13
Q

priming

A

process by which recent experiences increase accessibility of a schema, trait/concept

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14
Q

cognitive miser

A

tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways

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15
Q

naive scientist

A

seek consistency and stability, comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control - based on cause and effect

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16
Q

self-reference effect

A

better memory for information that pertains to your self-schema or that is relevant to you in some way

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17
Q

the better than average effect

A

always judging yourself as better than average

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18
Q

social conformity

A

type of social influence involved in a change in belief or behaviour in order to fit in with a group

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19
Q

survivorship bias

A

base conclusions on survivors

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20
Q

confirmation bias

A

biased info searches, biased interpretation/memory

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21
Q

cherry picking

A

fallacy of incomplete evidence, evidence suppression

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22
Q

attribution theory

A

a process in which people explain the causes of their own and other people’s behaviour

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23
Q

locus of causality

A

extent to which individuals perceive their own actions as a result of either external or internal reasons

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24
Q

Fundamental attribution error (correspondence bias)

A

tendency to make internal/dispositional rather than external/situational attributions for behaviour

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25
perceptual salience
the person being obsered is the most perceptually salient aspect of the situation and so an internal attribution centred on them becomes much more accesssible
26
Autokinetic effect
sherif 1935 a phenomenon of visual perception in which stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move in group settings, people agree with each other on distance of movement
27
social norm
behavioural patterns shared by a group
28
injunctive norms
People's perception of what behaviours are approved or disapproved of by others. Assist in determining what is acceptable and unacceptable social behaviour
29
descriptive norms
Perception of which behaviours are typically performed by others based on observations
30
subjective norm
perception about what people important to you believe in and how that shapes your behaviour
31
informational social influence
see others as a source of information to guide our behaviour, judge others as knowing more
32
normative social influence
conform in order to be liked and accepted by others, public compliance with beliefs, not necessorily private acceptance
33
private acceptance
conforming to other's behaviour out of genuine beliefe
34
social acceptance
conforming to others behaviour publicly without necessarily believing in what we are doing/saying
35
reciprocity norm
cooperative behaviour, we repay in kind what others have done for us
36
social facilitation
tendency for the presence of others to enhance our performance on simple or well-learned tasks, but to reduce it on complex or unfamiliar tasks
37
social loafing
tendency for individuals to reduce their efforts when working with others in a group or collective tasks
38
the dominant response
response that is most likely to occur in the presence of the given array of stimuli - most readily available response
39
distraction-conflict theory
the presnece of others produces a state of "attentional conflict" - leads to arousal and facilitates dominant responses, impairs non-dominant ones
40
impression management
individual strives for good impression infront of others - leading to higher performance (Bond, 1982)
41
Diffusion of Responsibility
les personal responsiblity
42
attitudes
3 components emotional (affect) behavioural (enactment) cognitive (beliefs)
43
stereotypes
cognitive beliefs about attributes that are thought to be characteristic of members of particular groups
44
prejudice
affective a negative attitude or affective response toward a certain group and its individual members
45
discrimination
behavioural unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group
46
Accentuation
categorisation and accentuation key in social contivie approach to explain prejudice Differences are exaggerated when something is placed into a category
47
the illusory correlation
tendency to see relationships that don't exist or see them as stronger than they are, distinctive behaviour in an outgroup is more memorable
48
realistic conflict theory
competition for scarce resources with competing goal groups
49
social identity theory
portion of our indetity derived from in-group through shared values, norms and behaviours
50
minimal group paradigm
method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups
51
stereotype content model
2 social dimensions to describle social perception of individuals and groups warmth - communion competence - ability to act on their intentions
52
stigma
created by reactions of other to our identites, as an attitude cognitive: stereotypes: affective: prejudice behaviour: discrimination
53
public stigma
stereotype: hold negative beliefs about a group, prejudice: agreement with belief and/or negative emotional reaction, discrimination: behaviour response to prejudice
54
self stigma
stereotype: negative belief about the self, prejudice: agreement with belief, negative emotional reaction discrimination: behaviour response to prejudice
55
dysphoria
powerful feeling of discomfort and distress
56
implicit atitudes
uses sytem 1 thinking associated with behaviour and reactions - can be overriden with system 2 thinking
57
contact hypothesis
intergroup interaction can reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations
58
Jigsaw Classroom
by Aronson 1978 to increase educational attainment and improve intergroup relations intergroup activity that requires cooperation and shifts focus away from competition
59
dissonance
feeling of discomfort caused by performing action that is inconsistent with one's attitudes
60
elaboration likelihood model (petty & cacioppo, 1986)
the central route - when motivated and able to think carefully about the content of a message we are influenced by the strength and quality of the arguments the peripheral route - when we are unwilling or unable to analyse message content we pay attention to cues that are irrelevant to the content or quality of the communication

Psychology 2B (5 decks)

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