Social Psychology

Question 1

What is an attitude?

Answer 1

An attitude is a psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.

Question 2

True or False: Attitudes can be both positive and negative.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the three components of attitudes?

Answer 3

The three components of attitudes are affective, behavioral, and cognitive.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The _____ component of attitude refers to feelings or emotions towards the object.

Answer 4

affective

Question 5

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 5

Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced when a person holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences attitude change? A) Social Influence B) Personal Experience C) Time of Day

Answer 6

C) Time of Day

Question 7

What role does persuasion play in attitude change?

Answer 7

Persuasion is a process that aims to change a person’s attitude or behavior through communication and argument.

Question 8

True or False: Attitudes are static and do not change over time.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

Answer 9

The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is a theory that explains how attitudes are formed and changed through two different routes: central and peripheral.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The _____ route of the ELM involves careful and thoughtful consideration of the content of the message.

Answer 10

central

Question 11

What is the peripheral route in the context of attitude change?

Answer 11

The peripheral route involves superficial cues, such as the attractiveness of the source or emotional appeals, rather than the content of the message.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method to change attitudes? A) Repetition B) Denial C) Isolation

Answer 12

A) Repetition

Question 13

What is the role of social norms in attitude change?

Answer 13

Social norms can influence attitudes by establishing expectations about how individuals should think and behave in a given context.

Question 14

True or False: Attitude changes can be permanent and irreversible.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the impact of groupthink on attitudes?

Answer 15

Groupthink can lead to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment, potentially resulting in changes to group members’ attitudes.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: _____ is the process of changing one’s attitude in response to new information or experiences.

Answer 16

Attitude change

Question 17

What is the significance of the ‘foot-in-the-door’ technique?

Answer 17

The ‘foot-in-the-door’ technique is a persuasion strategy that involves getting a person to agree to a small request first, which increases the likelihood of agreeing to a larger request later.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a behavioral component of attitude? A) Believing exercise is important B) Enjoying running C) Joining a gym

Answer 18

C) Joining a gym

Question 19

What is the role of personal experience in shaping attitudes?

Answer 19

Personal experiences can significantly shape attitudes by providing direct involvement with the attitude object, leading to stronger and more durable attitudes.

Question 20

True or False: Attitudes can influence behavior, but behavior cannot influence attitudes.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the ‘self-perception theory’?

Answer 21

Self-perception theory suggests that individuals develop their attitudes by observing their own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The _____ effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals change their attitudes to align with the behaviors they have committed to.

Answer 22

commitment

Question 23

What is the significance of cognitive appraisal in attitude change?

Answer 23

Cognitive appraisal involves evaluating a situation which can lead to changes in emotional responses and subsequently affect attitudes.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method to measure attitudes? A) Surveys B) Observations C) Both A and B

Answer 24

C) Both A and B

Question 25

What is the Object Appraisal Function of attitudes?

Answer 25

This function helps individuals evaluate and categorize objects, people, or situations efficiently. Attitudes act as mental shortcuts that enable quick assessments of whether something is good or bad, helpful or harmful.

Example: A person with a positive attitude toward healthy eating will quickly identify fruits and vegetables as beneficial without needing to think deeply about their nutritional value every time.

Question 26

What is the Social Adjustment Function of attitudes?

Answer 26

This function helps individuals fit into social groups and maintain relationships by adopting attitudes that align with group norms or expectations. People often adjust their attitudes to gain acceptance, avoid rejection, or build a sense of belonging within a community.

Example: A student might adopt a positive attitude toward a popular music genre to connect with their peers, even if they were initially indifferent to it.

Question 27

What is the Externalisation Function of attitudes?

Answer 27

This function allows individuals to project internal conflicts, anxieties, or insecurities onto the external world, helping them cope emotionally. By attributing personal struggles or negative feelings to external factors, people protect their self-esteem and reduce psychological discomfort.

Example: A person who feels insecure about their abilities might develop a negative attitude toward a highly successful coworker, blaming them for their own lack of progress.

Question 28

What is the Instrumental Function (Utilitarian Function) of attitudes?

Answer 28

This function serves to guide behavior in ways that maximize rewards and minimize punishments or discomfort. Attitudes are shaped by experiences of reinforcement. Positive outcomes encourage favorable attitudes, while negative outcomes create unfavorable ones.

Example: If a student receives praise for studying hard, they may develop a positive attitude toward studying because it leads to rewards like good grades or approval from teachers.

Question 29

What is the Value Expressive Function of attitudes?

Answer 29

This function allows individuals to express their core values, beliefs, and self-identity through their attitudes. Attitudes become a means of showcasing what matters to a person, reinforcing their sense of self, and connecting with others who share similar values.

Example: A person who values environmental conservation might develop a strong pro-environment attitude, actively advocating for recycling and sustainability.

Question 30

What roles do attitudes play in human behavior?

Answer 30

Attitudes simplify decision-making, maintain social harmony, protect self-esteem, achieve goals, and express personal values.