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Air pollutants > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Prison experiment (6 days - the guards became evil and by the end everyone thought it was a real prison), fried grasshopper experiment

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2
Q

Solomon Asch

A

Developed the line test to test for conformity- people conformed 33% of the time

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3
Q

Robert Cialdini

A

Developed the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, “start small and build”

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4
Q

John Darley

A

Worked with Bibb Latane to decipher why people performed better when being watched by others (ex: emergencies)

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5
Q

Leon Festinger

A

Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory

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6
Q

Irving Janis

A

Coined the term “groupthink”, studied how it affected politics

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7
Q

Bibb Latane

A

Worked with Darley about people’s behavior when watched by others, was French. WEIRD name.

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8
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Student of Asch, shock experiments with the “teacher” and “learner”, tested obedience (which varied based on circumstances in each experiment)

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9
Q

Muzafer Sherif

A

Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it

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10
Q

Social psychology

A

explore how we think about, influence, and relate to each other

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11
Q

attribution theory

A

internal disposition or external situations, proposed by Fritz Heider

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12
Q

situational attribution

A

we attribute something to the situation

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13
Q

dispositional attribution

A

we attribute something to our personality

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14
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

we overestimate the influence of personality

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15
Q

actor-observer effect

A

seeing the world from the actor’s perception we better appreciate the situation, how we view thing from the outside or n the actor’s view

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16
Q

self-serving bias

A

we like to skew our perceptions to make ourselves seem better, like attributing good things to ourselves and bad to the situation

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17
Q

central route persuasion

A

people are analytical and involved with the problem, giving facts, demonstrating, etc. (focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts), less superficial

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18
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

people respond to incidental cues, attractiveness, celebrity endorsement, etc. (faster judgements)

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19
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

people agree to a small action and then are more likely to agree to a larger one -Cialdini

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20
Q

familiarity effect

A

being familiar/ recognizing with something and thus being affected by it (ex: oreo)

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21
Q

validity effect

A

you hear about something often and thus believe it more (ex: I’ve heard it a lot, so it’s probably true)

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22
Q

role

A

the set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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23
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

when we know our attitudes and actions don’t match -Festinger

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24
Q

conformity

A

adjusting behavior and thinking toward a group standard, Chartrand studied the chameleon effect where humans copycat and Asch developed the line test

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25
Q

normative social influence

A

we understand social norms because the price for being different is severe, influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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26
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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27
Q

social facilitation

A

people perform better when competing against others- only in simple tasks. For harder ones, people performed worse when being watched.

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28
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people to work less in a group

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29
Q

deindividuation

A

abandoning normal restraints to power of group, loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity (ex: KKK, riots, food fights, tribal masks, etc.)

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30
Q

group polarization

A

amplification of group’s prevailing tendencies- terrorism!

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31
Q

Groupthink

A

to preserve good feelings dissents are self-censored, desire for harmony in a group- Janis came up with this

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32
Q

culture norm

A

rules for accepted and expected behavior

33
Q

personal space

A

body buffer zone! (personal bubble please)

34
Q

Prejudice

A

prejudgement (the attitude, not the action)

35
Q

Stereotype

A

a trait commonly associated with a type of person (ex: dumb blondes), rationalize inequalities

36
Q

ethnocentrism

A

people believe their own race is best

37
Q

contact hypothesis

A

interaction/ contact can help people accept each other

38
Q

discrimination

A

predisposition to action (the prejudiced beliefs may influence such acts)

39
Q

implicit and explicit attitudes

A

internal and external attitudes (what we really feel vs. what we show or say on the outside)

40
Q

Implicit Association Test

A

test what people associate other people with (ex: black names = violence)

41
Q

Ingroup

A

“us”-a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity

42
Q

Outgroup

A

“them”-a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup.

43
Q

ingroup bias

A

people like their own group best

44
Q

scapegoat theory

A

finding someone to blame releases tension

45
Q

other-race effect

A

tendency to recognize your own race more accurately

46
Q

social identity

A

we associate ourselves with certain groups and contrast ourselves with others

47
Q

ethnic identity

A

we associate ourselves with a certain ethnicity and contrast ourselves with others

48
Q

just-world phenomenon

A

Good behavior is rewarded and bad behavior is punished, believe that other people get what they des

49
Q

blaming the victim

A

people think that the victim is partly to blame for their situation

50
Q

aggression

A

any physical/verbal behavior intended to destroy

51
Q

frustration-aggression principle

A

frustration creates anger which may create aggression

52
Q

mere-exposure effect

A

familiarity breeds fondness

53
Q

passionate love

A

physical arousal and cognitive appraisal, temporary, beginning of a love relationship

54
Q

companionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment, comes after passionate stage

55
Q

equity

A

both partners receive in proportion to what they give

56
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate details about ourselves

57
Q

altruism

A

unselfish regard for welfare of others

58
Q

bystander effect

A

when more people share the responsibility to help, any single observer is less likely to help

59
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

bystander effect, people feel less responsible when in the presence of others

60
Q

social exchange theory

A

maximize reward and minimize cost

the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs.

61
Q

reciprocity norm

A

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

62
Q

social-responsibility norm

A

we help others who need our help, expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

63
Q

conflict

A

perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas

64
Q

social trap

A

harm collective well-being by pursuing personal interests

65
Q

mirror-image perceptions

A

each demonizes the other

66
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

influence makes you act so that it comes true (Ex: You think he hates you, so you act coldly to him. He is offended and thus does hate you)

67
Q

superordinate goals

A

goals that bring people together to cooperate

68
Q

attitude

A

feelings that influence our thoughts, actions, etc.

69
Q

central route to persuasion

A

persuasion that occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

70
Q

peripheral route to persuasion

A

persuasion that occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.

71
Q

normative influence

A

conformity based on a person’s desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain acceptance.

72
Q

informational influence

A

conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people

73
Q

social facilitation

A

(1) original meaning-the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present (2) current meaning-strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses owing to the presence of others.

74
Q

GRIT

A

acronym for “graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction”-a strategy designed to de-escalate international tensions.

75
Q

group polarization

A

group-produced enhancement of members’ preexisting tendencies; a strengthening of the members’ average tendency, not a split within the group.

76
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

77
Q

prejudice

A

a negative prejudgment of a group and its individual members

78
Q

just-world phenomenon

A

the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Air pollutants (2 decks)

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