the social approach Flashcards
obedience
following a direct order from a person or people in authority
authority
a person or organisation in a position of power who can give orders and requires obedience
social roles
these are the ways in which behave as members of a social group. A person can have a number of different roles as they adapt their behaviour to meet expectations
social pressure
the influence of a person or group on another person or group
destructive obedience
obedience that has potential to cause psychological or physical harm or injury to another
individual-situational explanations
the debate about the relative influence or interaction of a person’s unique physiology or personality (individual) and factors in the environment (situational) on thinking and behaviour.
social roles
these are the ways in which we behave as members of a social group. A person can have a number of different roles as they adapt their behaviour to meet expectations
social pressure
the influence of a person or group on another person or group
legitimacy
the extent to which an authority figure (or organisation) is perceived as being worthy of obedience. For example, a police officer may appear to be more legitimate if they are wearing a badge and uniform
bystander
a person who is present but not directly involved in the situation
bystander apathy
when a bystander does not show concern for a person in need
diffusion of responsibility
when there are other people available to help in an emergency, an individual may be less likely to take action because they feel a reduced sense of personal responsibility
modelling
when we watch a person (model) perform the desired behaviour, e.g. helping behaviour
good Samaritan
the term originates from the New Testament in the Bible. It refers to a story of a Samaritan (person originating from ancient Samaria) who stops to offer help to an injured stranger. The term now refer to someone who offers help to others experiencing difficulty
cost-benefit model
involves a decision-making process in which a person weighs up both the advantages and disadvantages of helping. If it seems beneficial to help, then the person is more likely to do so; if the risks are too great, they may not help
interpersonal distance
the relative distance between people. It’s the area of space around a person in which they prefer not to have others enter. It’s like a bubble that moves with the person. This bubble may be larger or smaller depending on the social situation the person is in.
oxytocin
a social hormone found in humans that heightens the importance of social cues and is linked to positive social behaviours such as helping others
social salience
the importance or attention someone gives to cues from other people, e.g. body language, interpersonal distance and expressions
social cues
these are facial expressions or body language which people use to send messages to one another, for example a smile to indicate happiness
interaction effect
the effect of two or more independent variables (e.g. PT + empathy + condition) on at least one dependent variable (e.g. personal space preference) in which the combined effect of the IVs is greater or less than each variable on their own
differential effect
when one or more individuals experience a different outcome when exposed to the same stimuli
radius
a straight line from any point on the circumference of a circle to the centre of the circle
personal space
the physical area around a person in which they prefer not to have others enter
