SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

Beauchamp and Childress

Answer 1

4 Principles of Medical Ethics -AUTONOMY, JUSTICE, BENEFICIENCE, NON MALEFICIENCE

Question 2

Utilitarianism

Answer 2

Greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people

Question 3

Consequentialist Theory

Answer 3

CONSEQUENCES determine if an action is correct or not - ends justifying the means

Question 4

Tarasoff Case

Answer 4

Demonstrates : CONFIDENTIALITY Duty to warn a 3rd party to protect them from harm (guy tells therapist he will kill ex. Therapist tells police but not the victim)

Question 5

Drive Reduction Theory

Answer 5

HULL Biological drives correct homeostatic imbalances

Question 6

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 6

FESTINGER When one or more of our beliefs don’t match up, we try make them match up by: 1. Changing our beliefs 2. Acquire new information to outweigh the belief 3. Underestimate/reduce the importance of the cognitions

Question 7

Illness Behaviour

Answer 7

MECHANIC Differences in the way people perceive and act upon symptoms. Informed by… 1. Biological predispoitions 2. Learned patterns of response 3. Organisation and incentives of the health system

Question 8

Attitudes

Answer 8

Beliefs or feelings.

Question 9

What changes attitudes?

Answer 9

Cognitive Dissonance Persuasion

Question 10

How do you measure attitudes?

Answer 10

Likert Scale (agree/disagree) Thurstones Interval Osgood’s Semantic Differential Scale

Question 11

Attribution Theory

Answer 11

HEIDER How we decide why things happened (Causality) -Internal Attribution -External Attribution

Question 12

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 12

Tendency to underestimate environmental influences (External attributions) and assume personal characteristics of the individual are responsible.

Question 13

Milgram’s Experiment

Answer 13

Demonstrates OBEDIENCE. Shock the Stooges because someone in authority told you to do so. Influenced by: -social norms -perceived surveillance

Question 14

Obedience

Answer 14

Influenced by : DEFIANCE BY PEERS - most important Legitimacy Disagreement between authority figures Proximity of Learner Proximity of Authority Figure

Question 15

ASCH EXPERIMENT

Answer 15

Demonstrates : CONFORMITY. People in a group gave the wrong answers to a simple perceptual question because someone else gave a wrong answer before them.

Question 16

Group Polarization

Answer 16

Tendency for people in a group to make more extreme decisions than the individual would on their own.

Question 17

Group Think

Answer 17

People make faulty decisions in groups because they favour UNANIMITY over all else. They tend to NOT CONSIDER THE ALTERNATIVES and INADEQUATLY EXPLORE RISKS/BENEFITS.

Question 18

Intergroup Bias

Answer 18

Group shows a tendency to favour people in their own group (in-group) over everyone else (out-group).

Question 19

Outgroup Homogeniety Effect

Answer 19

The belief that members of the outgroup are all the same (minimise differences in the outgroup) and perceiving them as homogenous and undifferentiated.

Question 20

Accentuation Effect

Answer 20

Overestimating the differences between groups

Question 21

Intergroup Competitiveness

Answer 21

Increase in competitiveness when you are in a group than as an individual.

Question 22

Bystander Effect/Genovese Effect

Answer 22

Tendancy towards inaction in a group because of diffusion of responsibility. Pluralistic ignorance is the act of believing that other people interpret a situation as harmless (and taking on that belief).

Question 23

Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 23

Demonstrates : DEINDIVIDUATION and ROLE EXPECTATION

Prison guards were really cruel towards prisoners and the prisoners just accepted it. Encouraged by DEPERSONALIZATION, DEINDIVIDUATION and DISORIENTATION. With Role Expectation - they were expected, as prisoners to comply with the dehumanization/extreme conditions.

Question 24

Locus of Control

Answer 24

ROTTER

An individuals perception of what are the main causes of life events? (Internal vs external control).

Question 25

Sick Role

Answer 25

PARSONS

The person who fell ill is not just physically sick but also now adheres to a specific social behavioural pattern of being sick.

Rights :

• exempt from social roles
• not responsible for their condition
• has the right to be taken care of

Obligations :

• try to get well
• seek technically competent help

Question 26

John Locke

Answer 26

children are BLANK SLATES (TABULA RASA) at birth and what they become depends on their learning/experience

Question 27

Jean-Jacque Rousseau

Answer 27

“nature” side of the nature vs nurture divide

development was an invariable part of natures plan and children just require guidance

Question 28

Jean Piaget

Answer 28

how a childs abilities interact with their environment

sensorimotor

pre operational

concrete operational

formal operational

Question 29

Noam Chomsky

Answer 29

neurolinguistics

Question 30

Erik Erikson

Answer 30

8 stages of mankind

trust vs mistrust

autonomy vs guilt and shame

blah blah

Question 31

Maccoby and Martin

Answer 31

parenting is divided into two areas :

1. responsiveness
2. amount of control exerted

this gives rise to 4 types of parenting

authoratative, authoratarian, permissive and neglectful

Question 32

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 32

STRANGE SITUATION

4 types of attachment - secure, anxious-resistant, anxious avoidant, disorganized

Question 33

Bowlby

Answer 33

ATTACHMENT THEORY AND SEPERATION

-mother child attachement was essential to development and human interaction

Question 34

Harry Harlow

Answer 34

MONKEYS

demonstrated emotional disturbances by preventing monkeys from forming attachments from birth

Question 35

Donald Winnicott

Answer 35

GOOD ENOUGH MOTHERING

object relationist

Question 36

Skinner

Answer 36

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Question 37

FROMM REICHMANN

Answer 37

SCHIZOPHRENOGENIC MOTHER