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quizlet # > Social Psychology #1 > Flashcards

Social Psychology #1 Flashcards

1
Q

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. A.K.A- looking at a situation and how people act in that situation.

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

A

Attribution Theory the theory

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3
Q

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

A

Fundamental Attribution error

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4
Q

feelings, often influenced by or beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

A

Attitude

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5
Q

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.

A

peripheral Route Persuasion

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6
Q

occurs when interseted people focus on the arguements and respond with favorable thoughts.

A

Central route persuasion

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7
Q

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

A

Foot-in-the- door phenomenon

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8
Q

a set of expectations (norms) about a socail position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

A

Role

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9
Q

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

A

Cognitive dissonance theory

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10
Q

Who created the attribution Theory

A

Fritz heider

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11
Q

explaining behavior in terms of personality.

A

Dispositional Attribution

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12
Q

explaining behavior in terms of the situation

A

Situational Attribution

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13
Q

if we behave as though we believe something, we often come to believe it.

A

Actions to attitudes

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14
Q

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to concide with a group standard

A

conformity

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15
Q

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

A

Normative social influence

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16
Q

Informational social influence influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

A

Informational social influence

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17
Q

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

A

Social Facilitation

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18
Q

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

A

social loafing

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19
Q

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint orrucing in a group situation that foster arousal and anonymity.

A

De individuation

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20
Q

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within a group

A

group polarization

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21
Q

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

A

Groupthink

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22
Q

when we unconsciously mimic expressions, postures, tones of voices

A

the Chameleon effect

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23
Q

he designed a study that investigates the effects of authority on obedience

A

Stanley Milgram

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24
Q

an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

A

prejudice

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25
Q

a generalized sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized beilf about a group of peoplpe

A

Stereotype

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26
Q

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

A

Discrimination

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27
Q

the tedency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and desvere what they get

A

Jut-world phenomenon

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28
Q

“us” people with whom we share a common identity

A

ingroup

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29
Q

“them” those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

A

outgroup

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30
Q

the tedency to favor our own groups

A

Ingroup bias

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31
Q

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

A

Scapegoat theory

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32
Q

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races.

A

other-race efect

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33
Q

any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

A

Aggression

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34
Q

the principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression

A

Frustration-aggression principle

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35
Q

culturally modeled guide for how to ac in various situations.

A

Social script

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36
Q

1) beliefs( (stereotypes)
2) Emotions (hostility, envy, fear)
3) predisposition to act (to discriminate)

A

the components of prejudice

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37
Q
  • genetic influences
  • biochemical influences, such as testosterone and alcohol
  • neural influences, such as severe head injuries
A

Biological influences of aggression

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38
Q

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

A

Mere exposure effect

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39
Q

In aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

A

Passionate love

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40
Q

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

A

Companionate love

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41
Q

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

A

Equity

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42
Q

The act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

A

Self disclosure

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43
Q

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

A

Altruism

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44
Q

The tendency for any given bystanders to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

A

Bystander effect

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45
Q

The theory that our social behaviour is an Exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize cost

A

Social exchange theory

46
Q

In expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

A

Reciprocity norm

47
Q

In expectation that people will help those needing their help

A

Social responsibility norm

48
Q

a perceived in compatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

A

Conflict

49
Q

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing going their self-interest into is rather then the good of the group, become car and mutually destructive behaviour

A

Social trap

50
Q

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as we went inside sees itself as ethical and peaceful and use the other side as evil and aggressive

A

Mirror image perception

51
Q

A belief that leads to its own fulfilment

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

52
Q

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

A

Superordinate goals

53
Q

A strategy designed to decrease international tensions

A

Graduated and reciprocating initiative in tension reduction GRIT

54
Q

In individuals characteristics patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

Personality

55
Q

View personality with a focus on the unconscious and importance of childhood experiences

A

Psychodynamic theories

56
Q

Freud’s theory of personality attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; The techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose in interpret unconscious tensions

A

Psychoanalysis

57
Q

According to Freud, A reservoir of mostly on the acceptable dots, wishes, feelings and memories.according to contemporary psychologist, information processing of which we are unaware

A

Unconscious

58
Q

In psychoanalysis A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

A

Free association

59
Q

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, Starrise to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drivers.

A

I’d

60
Q

This operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

A

Id

61
Q

The largely conscious, “executive” part of the personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the ID, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle, satisfying their id’s desires and Waze doubt will raise realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

A

Ego

62
Q

That part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provide standards for judgement “the conscience” and for future aspirations

A

Superego

63
Q

The childhood stages of development during which the ideals pleasure seeking energise focus on this thing erogenous

A

Psychosexual stages

64
Q

A boy is sexual desire towards his mother in feelings of jealousy and hatred for the arrival father

A

Oedipus complex

65
Q

Pleasure centres on the mouth sucking, biting, showing

A

Oral stages (0-18) months

66
Q

Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demand for control

A

Anal stage (18-36) months

67
Q

Pleasure zone is the genitals coping with incestuous sexual feelings

A

Phallic (3-6) years

68
Q

If is a dormat sexual feelings

A

Latency (6 to puberty)

69
Q

Maturation of sexual interests

A

Genital (puberty on)

70
Q

The prices by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

A

Identification

71
Q

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies in earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

A

Fixation

72
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the Ego’s protective methods of reducing exciting by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defence mechanism

73
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

A

Repression

74
Q

Retreating to him more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. Example a little boy reverts to the oral comfort of thumb sucking in the car on the way to his first day of school.

A

Regression

75
Q

Switching unacceptable impose into their opposites. Example repressing angry feelings, a person this please exaggerated friendliness

A

Reaction formation

76
Q

Disguising one’s own threatening implies by attributing them to others.example the thief thinks everyone else is a thief

A

Projection

77
Q

Offering self-justifying explanation in place of real, more threatening unconscious reason for one’s actions.example a habitual drinker says she drinks with her friends

A

rationalization

78
Q

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or unless threatening object or person. Example a little girl kicks the family down example a little girl kicks the family dog after her mother sends her to her room

A

Displacement

79
Q

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.a partner denies evidence of his loved ones of affair

A

Denial

80
Q

Carl Jung’s concept of the shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

A

Collective unconscious

81
Q

A personality test, such as the gamma that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics.

A

Projection test

82
Q

A projective tears in which people express their inner feelings and interests do with the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

A

Thematic Apperception test

83
Q

The most widely used projective tests, a set of 10 inkblots , Designed by Herman Rorchach; 6 to identify peoples inner feelings by analysing their interpretations of the blots

A

Rorschach inkblots test

84
Q

A theory of death related anxiety; explorers peoples emotional and behavioural and responds to reminders of their impending death

A

Terror management theory

85
Q

View personality with a focus on the potential for help the personal growth

A

Humanistic theories

86
Q

According to Maslow, where the ultimate psychological needs that arise after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved.the motivation to fulfil one’s potential.

A

Self actualization

87
Q

According to Rogers, in attitude of total acceptance towards another person

A

Unconditionally positive regard

88
Q

All our thoughts and feelings about our souls, in answer to the question, who am I

A

Self concept

89
Q

A characteristic pattern of behaviour or a disposition to feel and act, as assisting by self report inventories peer reports

A

Trait

90
Q

A questionnaire on which people respond to item is designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviours.used to assess selected personality traits

A

Personality inventory

91
Q

The most widely research in clinically use of our personality test. Originally developed identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screenings purpose.

A

MMPI ( Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

92
Q

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.

A

Empirical derived test

93
Q

What are the five personality factors?

A

Conscientiousness, agreeableness,
neuroticism
openness
extroversion

94
Q

Views behaviour as influenced by the interaction between people traits and their social context

A

Social cognitive perspective

95
Q

There are interacting influences of behaviour, internal cognition ,and environment

A

Reciprocal determinism

96
Q

In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the centre of personality, the organiser of our thoughts, feelings and actions

A

Self

97
Q

Over estimating other is noticing evaluating our appearances, performance, and blunders.

A

Spotlight effect

98
Q

Once feeling of high or low self-worth

A

Self-esteem

99
Q

One sense of competence and effectiveness

A

Self-efficacy

100
Q

A readiness to receive one self favorably

A

Self-serving bias

101
Q

excessive self-love and self absorption

A

Narcissism

102
Q

This type of psychologists looks at situations and how people react in that situation.

A

Social psychology

103
Q

His studies showed people that acting can become are new roles

A

Zimbarodo

104
Q

When our attitudes and actions are oppose we experience tension.

A

Cognitive dissonance

105
Q

What is the first psychologist to come up with the theory of personality, motivation and psychological disorders

A

Freud

106
Q

He focused on early childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, methods people use to cope with.

A

Freud

107
Q

This operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

A

I’d

108
Q

This operates on the reality principle, delays gratification

A

Ego

109
Q

She countered Freud asSumption that women have a weak superegos and suffer from penis envy.

A

Karen horney

110
Q

He believed in the collective unconscious, which contain a common reservoir of images derived from our species past.

A

Carl Jung

111
Q

What is wrong with the projective tests?

A

Reliability and Validity

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