Social Processes, Attitudes, and Behavior Flashcards
Difference between social action and social interaction
Social action is actions and behaviors that individuals are performing or modulation because of others and the social environment
Social interaction explores how two or more individuals can both shape each other’s behavior
What is social facilitation?
the tendency to perform at a different level when others are around
The Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilities says that the presence of others enhances your ability to perform simple tasks but hinders complex tasks
What is deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness in large groups, which can lead to drastic changes in behavior; specifically anti normative behavior
What is the bystander effect?
In a group, individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need
What is social loafing?
Tendency to reduce effort when in a group setting
What is peer pressure?
Social influence placed on an individual by other individuals they consider equals
What is group polarization?
The tendency towards making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of the individual group members
What is groupthink?
The desire for conformity within a group leads to decisions based on ideas and solutions without considering outside ideas; sometimes reaching incorrect/ poor decisions
Difference between assimilation, multiculturalism, and subcultures
Assimilation is when one culture begins to melt into another
Multiculturalism is the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity
Subcultures is a group that distinguishes itself from the primary culture to which it belongs
What is socialization?
the process of developing, inheriting, and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs
What are norms?
Boundaries of acceptable behavior within society
What is stigma?
Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences
What is deviance?
Any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society
What is conformity?
Changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society (either through internalization (changing yourself to fit in) or identification (identifying what is necessary to fit in but not changing))
EX: Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment is an example of internalization conformity where the prisoners and guards internalized their roles
What is compliance?
Individuals change behavior based on the request of others. Some techniques include:
- Foot-in-the-door: small request -> big request
- Door-in-the-face: Bigger request is refused -> smaller request (goal)
- Lowball: Initial commitment is lower than the real commitment
- That’s not all: Before offer is accepted, told there is something better
What is obedience?
Change in behavior based on command from someone seen as an authority figure
EX: Stanley Milgram’s teacher/student voltage experiment
