Social policy

Question 0

Garland v BREL

Answer 0

pay includes any consideration, whether immediate or future, provided that the worker received it directly or indirectly in respect of his employment from his employer

Question 1

Bilka Kaufhaus v von Hartz

Answer 1

indirect discrimination can be objectively justified only if it pursues a legitimate end and it is appropriate and necessary to achieve that end

Question 2

Kalanke v Bremen

Answer 2

ECJ tolerated positive action schemes only when these were consistent with the principle of equal opportunities. E.g. rebuttable presumption that the female should be employed when her qualifications are equal to the man.