social policies Flashcards
What was Hitler’s intent regarding social organisations?
That there would be no independent organisations standing between the State and individuals.
Why did Hitler want people to have no private space?
So they couldn’t think or act independently of the regime.
What would the Volksgemeinschaft be unified by?
By blood, race and ideology, with a common bond of loyalty to the Fuhrer.
Where did the Nazis start with their aim to create a new German man and woman?
Indoctrinating the German youth.
In which 2 ways did the Nazis establish control over the school system?
- Control over teachers
- Control over the curriculum
What happened under the Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service? What year was this law created?
The law was established in 1933.
It dismissed teachers on grounds of political unreliability or because they were Jewish.
What league were teachers pressurised into joining?
The National Socialist Teachers’ League (NSLB).
What happened to textbooks after 1933?
They were reviewed by the Nazis to ensure that these were things they wanted to be taught to children.
From 1935 the Ministry of Education issued directives which covered what could be taught.
By 1938, the rules covered every school year and most subjects.
How did the Nazis promote ‘racial health’ in school curriculum?
There was an increased emphasis on physical education, with military-style drills becoming a feature of PE lessons.
What did German lessons install in children?
A consciousness of being German through the study of traditional stories.
What was emphasised in Biology?
There was stress on race and heredity, as well as evolution and the survival of the fittest.
What did Geography develop awareness of?
The concepts of Lebensraum (living space), and atlases supported the concept of ‘one people, one Reich’.
Why had the attendance of university decreased between 1933 and 1939?
The Nazis had placed stress upon physical education and political indoctrination, decreasing the importance of academic education.
How were university places rationed between women and Jews?
Women had 10% of the available university places, while Jews had just 1.5% within the population as a whole.
What percentage of university staff lost their jobs under the Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service?
Around 15%.
What were teachers forced to sign in November 1933?
A ‘Declaration in support of Hitler and the National Socialist State’.
What percentage of students managed to avoid joining the German Students’ League (DS)?
25%.
What were students forced to do in order to gain experience of real life?
Four months’ labour service and 2 months in an SA camp.
How was coordination of universities made easier?
By the voluntary self-coordination of many faculties, there’d been very little resistance to their policies.
Who had dominated universities during the Weimar period and why did this suit the Nazis?
It had been dominated by nationalist and anti-democratic attitudes, with very traditional student ‘fraternities’ being a place rife with support for reactionary politics.
This meant that Nazis were able to weave their ideology into this pre-existing culture.
Why were university students likely to conform to the Nazi regime?
Because they had the knowledge that their prospects of employment after graduating depended on their outward support for the regime.
When was the Hitler created and how successful was it in the beginning?
In 1926, and it was relatively unsuccessful.
What did the Nazis do to most youth organisations when they came to power? Which organisations were exempt from this?
All youth organisations, except those linked to the Catholic Church, were either banned or taken over by the Hitler Youth.
When did the Hitler Youth begin to flourish?
Only when all other youth organisations had been shut down.
What did the Law for the Incorporation of German Youth do? What year was it introduced?
It was introduced in 1936, and gave the Hitler Youth the status of an official education movement.
This meant it had equal status to schools and the home.
What happened to Catholic youth organisations in 1936 and what happened to the Hitler Youth as a result of this?
Catholic groups were banned and the Hitler Youth became the only officially permitted youth organisation.
What had the Hitler Youth been granted by 1936?
A monopoly over all sports facilities and competitions for children under the age of 14.
When was Hitler Youth membership made compulsory?
In 1939.
What motto were boys from the age of 10 taught?
‘Live faithfully, fight bravely and die laughing’.
What factors were emphasised in youth activities to prepare them for their future role as warriors?
Competition, struggle, heroism and leadership.
What did all Hitler Youth members have to follow?
A set syllabus of political indoctrination, with a heavy emphasis on military drill.
What reinforced young boys’ induction of Nazi ideology?
They were taught to sing Nazi songs, taken on hikes and camping trips, and encouraged to read Nazi pamphlets.
What made the Hitler Youth organisation attractive to millions of German boys?
It gave them the opportunity to participate in sports and camping trips away from home.
Why were some children joining the Hitler Youth behind their parents backs?
Because some parents were not Nazi sympathisers and had grown up in a different era.
Why did boys come to resent the Hitler Youth?
They resented the harsh punishments that were imposed for minor rule-breaking.
What was the female equivalent of the Hitler Youth?
The League of German Girls.
What was the motto of the League of German Girls?
‘Be faithful, be pure, be German’.
What were women taught in the League of German Girls?
That they had a duty to be healthy since their bodies belonged to the nation.
