Social PAT prep Flashcards
study (258 cards)
1
Q
What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A
A document that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians, including freedom of expression, religion, assembly, and equality under the law.
2
Q
What are the three levels of government in Canada?
A
Federal, provincial, and municipal.
3
Q
What are the main responsibilities of the Prime Minister in Canada?
A
Setting government policies and priorities, chairing Cabinet meetings, representing Canada internationally, and overseeing the executive branch.
3
Q
What are the stages a bill goes through to become law in Canada?
A
First Reading, Second Reading, Committee Stage, Report Stage, Third Reading, and Royal Assent.
4
Q
Who represents the monarch in Canada and performs ceremonial duties?
A
The Governor General.
5
Q
Who makes up the Cabinet in the Canadian government?
A
The Prime Minister and ministers responsible for various government departments
6
Q
How are decisions made in the executive branch?
A
Decisions are made collectively in Cabinet meetings, led by the Prime Minister, with input from ministers based on their areas of responsibility.
7
Q
What are the two houses of the Canadian Parliament?
A
The House of Commons and the Senate
8
Q
What is the role of committees in the legislative process?
A
Committees review, amend, and provide detailed examination of bills, hold hearings, gather evidence, and make recommendations.
9
Q
What is the highest court in Canada?
A
The Supreme Court of Canada.
10
Q
Why is judicial independence important?
A
It ensures that judges can make decisions based on law without political pressure, maintaining the rule of law and fair trials.
11
Q
How does the judicial branch check the powers of the other branches?
A
By interpreting laws and the Constitution, ruling on the constitutionality of laws and government actions, and safeguarding individual rights through judicial review.
12
Q
What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A
It is a part of the Constitution Act of 1982 that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians.
13
Q
What are the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Charter?
A
Freedom of conscience and religion, freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression, freedom of peaceful assembly, and freedom of association.
14
Q
What democratic rights are protected by the Charter?
A
The right to vote, the right to run for office, and the requirement for regular elections.
15
Q
What mobility rights are protected by the Charter?
A
The right to enter and leave Canada, and the right to move and work anywhere in Canada.
16
Q
What legal rights are guaranteed by the Charter?
A
Right to life, liberty, and security of the person, right to a fair trial, protection against unreasonable search and seizure, and protection against cruel and unusual punishment.
17
Q
What equality rights does the Charter protect?
A
The right to equality before and under the law, and protection against discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability
18
Q
What are the official languages of Canada as recognized by the Charter?
A
English and French
19
Q
What are minority language educational rights under the Charter?
A
The right to education in one’s first language, whether English or French, where numbers warrant.
20
Q
How can individuals enforce their Charter rights?
A
They can apply to a court of law if they believe their Charter rights have been infringed or denied.
21
Q
What is the significance of Section 1 of the Charter?
A
It allows for reasonable limits on rights and freedoms if such limitations can be justified in a free and democratic society.
22
Q
Who is the head of government in Canada?
A
The Prime Minister.
23
Q
What is the role of the Cabinet?
A
The Cabinet assists the Prime Minister in making decisions and oversees various government departments.
24
How are ministers appointed to the Cabinet?
Ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister and are usually Members of Parliament or Senators.
25
What are the main functions of the Executive Branch?
Policy making, administration, and representation.
26
How are decisions made within the Executive Branch?
Decisions are made collectively by the Cabinet, with the Prime Minister providing leadership.
27
What is the relationship between the Executive Branch and Parliament?
The Executive Branch works closely with Parliament to develop and enact laws, and it is accountable to Parliament.
28
Who represents Canada internationally?
The Executive Branch, including the Prime Minister and Cabinet, represents Canada internationally.
29
What is the role of the Prime Minister in decision-making?
The Prime Minister provides leadership and direction to the Cabinet and leads the decision-making process.
30
What are the two houses of the Legislative Branch in Canada?
The House of Commons and the Senate.
31
How are members of the House of Commons elected?
Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected by Canadian citizens in federal elections.
32
How are Senators appointed to the Senate?
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister
33
What is the primary function of the Legislative Branch?
To make laws (bills) that govern Canadian society
34
How does the legislative process work in Canada?
Bills are introduced, debated, and reviewed in both houses of Parliament before receiving Royal Assent and becoming law.
35
What is the role of committees in the legislative process?
Committees conduct inquiries, studies, and reviews of government activities and legislation to ensure transparency and accountability.
36
How does the Legislative Branch hold the government accountable?
Through debates, question periods, committee inquiries, and scrutiny of government actions and legislation.
37
Q: What happens to a bill after it receives Royal Assent?
A: It becomes law and is known as an Act of Parliament.
38
Q: What is the highest court in Canada?
A: The Supreme Court of Canada.
39
Q: How are judges appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada?
A: They are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
40
Q: What types of cases does the Federal Court handle?
A: Cases involving federal laws, government decisions, and disputes between individuals and the federal government.
41
Q: What is the role of provincial and territorial courts?
A: They handle a wide range of civil, criminal, and family law matters within their jurisdiction.
42
Q: Why is judicial independence important?
A: It ensures impartiality, fairness, and adherence to the rule of law in the legal system.
43
Q: What is the significance of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A: It is the final arbiter of legal disputes and constitutional matters in Canada, with its decisions setting precedents for lower courts.
44
Q: How do judges interpret the law?
A: They interpret laws, statutes, and regulations to determine their meaning and application in specific cases, relying on legal principles and precedents.
45
Q: What is the role of the judiciary in upholding the rule of law?
A: The judiciary ensures that laws are applied fairly, consistently, and impartially, regardless of individual or government interests.
46
Q: What is media bias?
A: Media bias refers to partiality or prejudice in the presentation of news and information by media outlets.
47
Q: What are the different types of media bias?
A: Political bias, ideological bias, sensationalism, and cultural bias.
48
Q: How does political bias manifest in media coverage?
A: Through selective coverage, framing, or language that reflects a particular political perspective.
49
Q: What is sensationalism in media reporting?
A: Prioritizing dramatic or attention-grabbing stories over factual accuracy or context.
50
Q: How does cultural bias affect media portrayals?
A: By perpetuating stereotypes, prejudices, and assumptions about certain groups or communities.
51
Q: What impact can media bias have on society?
A: Influencing public perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, contributing to polarization and misinformation.
52
Q: How can media bias be addressed?
A: Through media literacy education, adherence to journalistic standards, and promoting diverse representation and perspectives.
53
Q: Why is media literacy important in combating bias?
A: It helps individuals critically evaluate media content, recognize bias, and discern credible sources.
54
Q: What is the primary role of a lobbyist?
A: To influence government decision-makers on behalf of a particular interest group or cause.
55
Q: How do lobbyists advocate for their clients' interests?
A: By meeting with politicians, government officials, and stakeholders to present arguments, provide information, and suggest policy changes.
56
Q: What type of information do lobbyists provide to government officials?
A: Research, data, expert opinions, and analyses.
57
Q: Why is relationship building important for lobbyists?
A: Trust, credibility, and ongoing communication are essential for effective lobbying.
58
Q: Who are in-house lobbyists?
A: Employees of a corporation, organization, or association who lobby on behalf of their employer.
59
Q: Who are consultant lobbyists?
A: Independent professionals or firms hired by clients to lobby on their behalf.
60
Q: How are lobbying activities regulated in Canada?
A: Lobbyists must register with the Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying and disclose their activities.
61
Q: What are the concerns related to lobbying?
A: Unequal access and the potential for disproportionate influence by wealthy or well-connected interests.
62
Q: What are individual rights?
A: Inherent rights of all human beings, protecting them from abuse and discrimination.
63
Q: Why are individual rights important?
A: They are fundamental to human dignity and ensure freedom of expression and belief.
64
Q: Can you provide examples of individual rights?
A: Examples include freedom of speech, religion, and fair trial, among others.
65
Q: What is the significance of understanding individual rights?
A: Essential for fostering respect, tolerance, and equality in society, and provide a framework for resolving conflicts and protecting minorities.
66
Q: What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A: It's a special set of rules that protects the rights and freedoms of people in Canada.
67
Q: What rights are protected by the Charter?
A: The Charter protects things like freedom of speech, religion, and the right to be treated equally.
68
Q: How does the Charter protect individual rights?
A: It lets people challenge unfair rules or actions, and courts can cancel those rules if they're not fair.
69
Q: What does the Charter do for Canadian society?
A: The Charter helps make Canada fairer by promoting equality, fairness, and respect for everyone.
70
Q: Can individual rights be restricted?
A: Yes, individual rights may be subject to restrictions to balance with the broader public interest and the rights of others.
71
Q: What are some reasons for restricting rights?
A: Reasons include protecting public safety, order, and health, as well as preventing harm to others and maintaining social harmony.
72
Q: How are restrictions on rights determined?
A: Restrictions are outlined in laws, regulations, and constitutional provisions and interpreted by courts to ensure they are reasonable and justified.
73
Q: What is the scope of restrictions on rights?
A: Restrictions must be proportionate to the objective being pursued and should not unreasonably limit individual rights or discriminate against specific groups.
74
Q: What was the Magna Carta?
A: It was a historic document that limited the power of the monarchy and influenced the development of constitutional rights in Canada.
75
Q: What was the British North America Act?
A: It laid the foundation for Canadian Confederation and established the division of powers between the federal and provincial governments.
76
Q: What was the Canadian Bill of Rights?
A: It was the first federal law to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Canada, although its scope was limited.
77
Q: What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A: It's part of the Constitution Act, 1982, and it enshrines fundamental rights and freedoms in Canada's highest law.
78
Q: How has the history of Canadian rights evolved over time?
A: It reflects Canada's commitment to equality, justice, and the rule of law, with legal challenges and social movements playing a crucial role in expanding rights.
79
Q: What are collective rights?
A: Rights held by groups rather than individuals, often associated with indigenous peoples, linguistic communities, and minorities.
80
Q: What is the historical basis of collective rights?
A: Stemming from historical agreements, treaties, or recognition of group identities and territories.
81
Q: What do collective rights protect?
A: Cultural, linguistic, and spiritual heritage, as well as traditional lands and self-government.
82
Q: How are collective rights implemented?
A: Through legal recognition in constitutions, international agreements, or domestic legislation, with governments responsible for upholding them.
83
Q: What challenges are associated with collective rights?
A: Balancing them with individual rights and societal interests, and addressing conflicts and controversies.
84
Q: What are Metis collective rights?
A: Specific rights recognized for the Metis people in Canada, acknowledging their unique cultural heritage and historical contributions.
85
Q: What do Metis cultural rights include?
A: Protection and promotion of Metis culture, language, and traditions, and support for Metis educational institutions and cultural organizations.
86
Q: What are Metis political rights?
A: Recognition of Metis governance structures and participation in political processes affecting Metis communities.
87
Q: What are Metis land and resource rights?
A: Access to and control over traditional lands and resources, and negotiations for land claims and resource management.
88
Q: What do Metis hunting, fishing, and harvesting rights entail?
A: Rights to hunt, fish, and harvest according to Metis customs and practices, with legal protections for traditional subsistence activities.
89
Q: How are Metis rights recognized legally?
A: The Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes Metis rights as Aboriginal rights under Section 35, and Supreme Court rulings affirm these rights.
90
Q: What challenges do the Metis face regarding their rights?
A: Ongoing negotiations for land claims and resource rights, and balancing Metis rights with provincial and federal regulations.
91
Q: When did Metis communities form along fur trade routes?
A: 1800s
92
Q: What was the Red River Rebellion, and when did it occur?
A: An 1869-1870 uprising led by Louis Riel that resulted in the Manitoba Act, promising land rights to the Metis.
93
Q: What significant Metis event occurred in the 1930s?
A: Establishment of Metis settlements in Alberta.
94
Q: What does the Constitution Act, 1982 recognize regarding Metis rights?
A: It recognizes Metis rights as Aboriginal rights under Section 35.
95
Q: What was the significance of the 2003 Powley decision?
A: The Supreme Court affirmed Metis hunting rights.
96
Q: What have been ongoing issues for the Metis in the 2000s?
A: Negotiations and legal battles for land claims and self-government.
97
Q: What are Francophone collective rights?
A: Rights of French-speaking communities in Canada to preserve and promote their language and culture.
98
Q: What does official bilingualism in Canada mean?
A: French and English are the official languages of Canada.
99
Q: What language rights do Francophones have?
A: The right to receive federal government services in both languages and French language education rights in minority settings.
100
Q: What are Francophone cultural rights?
A: Support for Francophone cultural institutions and media, and preservation of French-Canadian heritage and traditions.
101
Q: What does the Official Languages Act of 1969 establish?
A: It establishes French and English as the official languages of Canada.
102
Q: What guarantees does the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provide for Francophones?
A: It guarantees language rights and education rights for French-speaking minorities.
103
Q: What challenges do Francophones face regarding their collective rights?
A: Ensuring equal access to services in French across Canada and addressing regional disparities in French-language education and services.
104
Q: What is the YCJA?
A: The Youth Criminal Justice Act, a Canadian law governing the prosecution of youth for criminal offenses, effective since April 1, 2003.
105
Q: What did the YCJA replace?
A: The Young Offenders Act.
106
Q: What are the main objectives of the YCJA?
A: Rehabilitation and reintegration, accountability, protection of the public, and proportionality.
107
Q: What are extrajudicial measures in the YCJA?
A: Warnings, cautions, and referrals to community programs instead of formal judicial proceedings.
108
Q: How does the YCJA approach youth sentences?
A: It provides a range of sentencing options tailored to the needs of young offenders.
109
Q: What does the YCJA say about custody and supervision?
A: It limits the use of custody and promotes alternatives such as community supervision.
110
Q: What is the purpose of the publication ban in the YCJA?
A: To protect the identity of young offenders by prohibiting the publication of their names.
111
Q: What impact has the YCJA had on youth crime rates?
A: There has been a decline in youth crime rates and an increase in the use of extrajudicial measures.
112
Q: What is restorative justice?
A: A justice approach focusing on repairing harm caused by criminal behavior, involving the offender, victim, and community.
113
Q: What is an example of restorative justice?
A: Victim-offender mediation or community service.
114
Q: What is rehabilitative justice?
A: A justice approach that addresses the underlying issues contributing to criminal behavior through support and services.
115
Q: What services are associated with rehabilitative justice?
A: Counseling, education, and vocational training.
116
Q: What is retributive justice?
A: A justice approach focused on punishment proportionate to the offense.
117
Q: What are examples of retributive justice?
A: Fines, probation, and incarceration.
118
Q: What is reintegrative justice?
A: A justice approach that supports the successful reintegration of offenders into society.
119
Q: What resources are associated with reintegrative justice?
A: Halfway houses, mentorship programs, and employment assistance.
120
Q: How are the 4Rs applied in youth justice systems?
A: They are integrated to create a balanced, holistic approach that meets the needs of the victim, the offender, and society.
121
Q: Extrajudicial Measures
A: Alternative measures used to deal with youth offenders outside of formal court proceedings.
122
Q: Custody
A: Placement of a young person in a secure facility as part of a sentence for a criminal offense.
123
Q: Rehabilitation
A: The process of helping a young offender address the underlying issues contributing to their criminal behavior.
124
Q: Restorative Justice
A: Approach to justice that focuses on repairing harm caused by criminal behavior and involves the offender, victim, and community.
125
Q: Recidivism
A: The tendency of a convicted criminal to re-offend.
126
Q: Reintegration
A: The process of successfully integrating a young offender back into society after serving a sentence.
127
Q: Publication Ban
A: Legal restriction on publishing the name or identity of a young offender.
128
Q: Proportionality
A: Ensuring that the punishment for a crime is appropriate and proportional to the offense committed.
129
Q: Rehabilitation Programs
A: Programs and services aimed at addressing the needs of young offenders and reducing the likelihood of re-offending.
130
Q: Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)
A: Canadian law that governs the prosecution of young offenders for criminal offenses.
131
Q: What is immigration into a country?
A: The process of individuals moving from their home country to settle permanently in another country.
132
Q: What are the main types of immigration?
A: Economic immigration, family immigration, refugee immigration, and humanitarian immigration.
133
Q: Who are economic immigrants?
A: Individuals who move to another country primarily for work or business opportunities.
134
Q: What is family immigration?
A: Relocating to join relatives who are already living in the host country.
135
Q: Who are refugee immigrants?
A: Individuals fleeing their home countries due to persecution, war, or violence, seeking asylum in other countries.
136
Q: What challenges and opportunities does immigration present?
A: Challenges include integration, cultural differences, and opportunities arise from diversity, innovation, and labor force growth.
137
Q: What do immigration policies and regulations govern?
A: The entry, residency, and rights of immigrants in host countries, including visa requirements, eligibility criteria, and pathways to citizenship.
138
Q: Why is effective management of immigration important?
A: To address the needs of immigrants and the interests of host societies while ensuring social cohesion and security.
139
Q: What is the Express Entry system?
A: Canada's principal immigration program for skilled workers, managing applications for permanent residence based on factors such as education, work experience, and language proficiency.
140
Q: Who can sponsor family members for immigration to Canada?
A: Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
141
Q: What is the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)?
A: Immigration programs operated by provinces and territories to nominate individuals for permanent residence based on regional economic needs.
142
Q: What commitment does Canada have to refugee protection?
A: Canada has a long-standing commitment to refugee protection and resettlement through refugee and humanitarian programs.
143
Q: What integration and settlement services are available to immigrants in Canada?
A: Language training, employment support, education programs, housing assistance, and cultural orientation.
144
Q: What does Canada promote in terms of its population?
A: Multiculturalism and celebrates its diverse population.
145
Q: How do Canadian immigration policies benefit the country?
A: By attracting talent, reuniting families, providing protection to refugees, and promoting diversity and inclusion.
146
Q: What are the main categories of immigrants in Canada?
A: Skilled workers, family members sponsored by Canadian citizens or permanent residents, provincial nominees, refugees, and humanitarian cases.
147
Q: What is immigration?
A: The process of individuals moving from one country to another with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily.
148
Q: What are common motivations for immigration?
A: Economic opportunities, education, family reunification, political and social stability, and adventure/lifestyle.
149
Q: What does permanent residency allow?
A: The right to live and work in the host country indefinitely, potentially leading to citizenship.
150
Q: What is temporary residency?
A: The status of residing in a host country for a limited period, including students, temporary workers, and tourists.
151
Q: Who is granted refugee status?
A: Individuals fleeing persecution or danger in their home country, provided protection and assistance in the host country.
152
Q: What are some challenges immigrants face?
A: Cultural adjustment, economic integration, and legal/bureaucratic hurdles.
153
Q: How does immigration impact host countries?
A: Economic growth, cultural diversity, and potential strain on public services.
154
Q: What benefits do immigrants gain from immigration?
A: Opportunities for personal and professional growth and new experiences.
155
Q: What is a refugee?
A: A person forced to flee their home country due to persecution, war, or violence, seeking safety and protection elsewhere.
156
Q: What are common reasons for becoming a refugee?
A: Persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or social group; war and conflict; human rights violations.
157
Q: What is the Refugee Status Determination process?
A: Assessing an individual's claim to refugee status based on international and national laws, such as the 1951 Refugee Convention.
158
Q: Who are asylum seekers?
A: Individuals seeking protection in another country who have not yet been recognized as refugees and are undergoing a legal process.
159
Q: What are resettlement programs?
A: Programs providing permanent residence to refugees in a third country, managed by countries with formal resettlement systems.
160
Q: What is the principle of non-refoulement?
A: The right ensuring refugees are not returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom.
161
Q: What challenges do refugees face?
A: Legal and bureaucratic hurdles, integration difficulties, and psychological trauma from displacement and loss.
162
Q: What role does the UNHCR play for refugees?
A: Providing assistance, protection, and advocacy for refugees worldwide, coordinating international responses.
163
Q: What is capitalism?
A: An economic system characterized by private ownership and free markets.
164
Q: What are the key features of capitalism?
A: Private ownership, market economy, profit motive, competition, minimal government intervention.
165
Q: How does capitalism promote economic growth?
A: By incentivizing entrepreneurship, innovation, and investment.
166
Q: What are some benefits of capitalism?
A: Economic growth, innovation, consumer choice, upward mobility.
167
Q: What are critiques of capitalism?
A: Income inequality, exploitation, environmental degradation, market failures.
168
Q: Why might government intervention be necessary in capitalism?
A: To address market failures and ensure fairness and social welfare.
169
Q: What role does competition play in capitalism?
A: It drives innovation, efficiency, and quality in products and services.
170
Q: What is the profit motive in capitalism?
A: Businesses aim to maximize profits by meeting consumer demand.
171
Q: What is socialism?
A: An economic and political system advocating for collective ownership and democratic control of resources.
172
Q: What are key features of socialism?
A: Collective ownership, economic planning, social welfare, income redistribution, worker empowerment.
173
Q: How does socialism differ from capitalism?
A: It prioritizes social welfare and collective ownership over private profit.
174
Q: What are some variants of socialism?
A: Democratic socialism, Marxism, social democracy.
175
Q: What is the goal of socialism regarding income inequality?
A: To reduce income inequality through progressive taxation and wealth redistribution.
176
Q: How does socialism empower workers?
A: By giving them a greater say in decision-making and workplace management.
177
Q: What are criticisms of socialism?
A: Concerns about government inefficiency, lack of innovation incentives, and potential restrictions on individual freedom.
178
Q: What factors influence the success of socialist implementations?
A: Historical, cultural, and geopolitical factors can impact the outcomes of socialist policies.
179
Q: What are the main differences between capitalism and socialism?
A: Ownership, economic organization, role of government, incentives, efficiency, and equity.
180
Q: How does ownership differ between capitalism and socialism?
A: In capitalism, resources are privately owned, while in socialism, they are commonly owned.
181
Q: What role does government play in capitalism?
A: Governments intervene minimally, favoring free markets and limited regulation.
182
Q: How does socialism prioritize economic organization?
A: Through central planning or democratic decision-making based on societal needs.
183
Q: What incentives drive capitalism?
A: Profit motive, competition, and individual initiative.
184
Q: What is a key goal of socialism regarding equity?
A: To reduce income inequality and promote economic equity.
185
Q: What challenges does socialism face in terms of adaptability?
A: Bureaucratic inefficiencies and difficulties in responding to dynamic economic conditions.
186
Q: Can real-world economies exhibit characteristics of both capitalism and socialism?
A: Yes, many economies have mixed features, combining elements of both systems.
187
Q: What is economics?
A: The study of how individuals, businesses, and societies allocate resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs.
188
Q: What is opportunity cost?
A: The value of the next best alternative foregone when a decision is made.
189
Q: What are supply and demand?
A: The forces driving market economies, influencing prices and quantities of goods and services.
190
Q: What is market equilibrium?
A: The point where supply equals demand, determining the equilibrium price and quantity in a market.
191
Q: What is elasticity in economics?
A: The responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price, income, or other factors.
192
Q: What does the production possibility frontier (PPF) represent?
A: The maximum combination of goods that can be produced with given resources and technology.
193
Q: What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?
A: Microeconomics focuses on individual economic agents, while macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole.
194
Q: How does economics inform decision-making in various fields?
A: It provides insights into business strategy, public policy, finance, international trade, and environmental studies.
195
Q: What is communism?
A: An ideology advocating for collective ownership and a classless society.
196
Q: What are key principles of communism?
A: Collective ownership, classlessness, central planning, distribution based on need.
197
Q: What historical events are associated with communism?
A: The Russian Revolution of 1917 and subsequent political movements.
198
Q: What critiques are often leveled against communism?
A: Concerns about individual freedom and economic inefficiency.
199
Q: What are some variants of communism?
A: Marxism-Leninism, Maoism, Trotskyism, among others.
200
Q: How does communism differ from capitalism?
A: It advocates for collective ownership, whereas capitalism emphasizes private property.
201
Q: What is the role of central planning in communism?
A: Economic activities are centrally planned by the state or community.
202
Q: What is the goal of communism regarding class distinctions?
A: To eliminate class divisions and foster equality among individuals.
203
Q: What is a brand?
A: It's like a name or symbol for things we buy.
204
Q: Why are brands important?
A: They help products stand out and build trust.
205
Q: What parts does a brand have?
A: A name, a picture (logo), and sometimes a catchy phrase (slogan).
206
Q: How can brands become strong?
A: When people know and trust them, they become more valuable.
207
Q: How do people remember brands?
A: Brands use colors, pictures, and words that are easy to remember.
208
Q: What are externalized costs?
A: Hidden costs not included in what we pay for things.
209
Q: What can environmental externalities include?
A: Pollution and climate change.
210
Q: What social problems can come from externalities?
A: Health issues and inequality.
211
Q: Why do externalized costs happen?
A: Sometimes, businesses don't have to pay for the harm they cause.
212
Q: How can we fix externalized costs?
A: By making rules, encouraging better practices, and educating people.
213
Q: What is advertising?
A: It's how companies tell people about their products.
214
Q: What are emotional ads?
A: Ads that make you feel something, like happy or excited.
215
Q: What are celebrity ads?
A: Famous people using or talking about products.
216
Q: What is "Join the Crowd" in advertising?
A: Makes you feel like everyone is buying the product, so you should too.
217
Q: Why are limited time offers used in ads?
A: To make people buy quickly before the product is gone.
218
Q: What does "Other People Like It" mean in advertising?
A: Shows that lots of people already bought and liked the product.
219
Q: Why should ads be honest and fair?
A: They should tell the truth and not trick people.
220
Q: What is emotional advertising?
A: It uses feelings like happiness or excitement to connect with viewers.
221
Q: What are celebrity endorsements?
A: Famous people promote products to make people trust and buy them.
222
Q: What is the bandwagon effect in advertising?
A: It suggests everyone is using a product, so consumers feel like they should too.
223
Q: What are limited-time offers?
A: They say the product is only available for a short time, making people buy quickly.
224
Q: What is social proof in advertising?
A: It shows that others have bought and liked the product, making people trust it more.
225
Q: What is product placement?
A: It's when products are shown in movies or TV shows to make people want them.
226
Q: What are jingles in advertising?
A: Catchy songs used in ads to make people remember the product.
227
Q: What is subliminal advertising?
A: Hidden messages or images in ads that people might not notice consciously.
228
Q: What is product bundling?
A: Selling different products together as a package deal.
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Q: What is native advertising?
A: Ads that look like regular content to make people more likely to read or watch them.
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Q: What is guerrilla marketing?
A: Unconventional advertising strategies that create buzz and excitement.
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Q: What is influencer marketing?
A: Using popular social media personalities to promote products to their followers.
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Q: What is testimonial advertising?
A: It involves using endorsements or recommendations from satisfied customers.
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Q: What is snob appeal in advertising?
A: It suggests that owning or using a product will make you part of an elite group.
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Q: What is plain folks advertising?
A: It portrays the product as being for ordinary people, making it relatable.
235
Q: What is patriotism in advertising?
A: It appeals to national pride or loyalty to influence consumer behavior.
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Q: What are facts and figures (scientific) in advertising?
A: It uses data, statistics, or scientific evidence to support the product's claims.
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Q: What is expert/ logical appeal in advertising?
A: It uses expertise or logic to convince consumers of the product's benefits.
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Q: What are generalizations in advertising?
A: It makes broad statements about the product or its benefits.
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Q: What is sexuality in advertising?
A: It uses sexual imagery or themes to attract attention and appeal to desires.
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Q: What is transfer/emotional advertising?
A: It connects positive emotions or feelings to the product, even if they're unrelated.
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Q: What is name-calling in advertising?
A: It uses negative language to discredit competitors or their products.
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Q: What is repetition in advertising?
A: It repeats the product's message or slogan to make it stick in people's minds.
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Q: What is humor in advertising?
A: It uses jokes or funny situations to make the ad memorable and enjoyable.
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Q: What are taxes?
A: Mandatory contributions collected by the government.
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Q: What is income tax?
A: A tax on earnings from work and investments, usually progressive.
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Q: What is sales tax?
A: A tax on goods and services purchased, often regressive.
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Q: What is property tax?
A: A tax on property ownership.
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Q: What is corporate tax?
A: A tax on business profits.
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Q: What are social programs?
A: Government initiatives to support citizens' well-being and provide financial aid.
250
Q: What are examples of healthcare social programs?
A: Public health services like Medicare and Medicaid.
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Q: How do social programs support education?
A: By funding public schools, universities, and vocational training.
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Q: What are welfare and social assistance programs?
A: Financial aid like food stamps, unemployment benefits, and housing assistance.
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Q: What are pensions and retirement programs?
A: Programs like Social Security that provide income to retirees.
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Q: How do public infrastructure programs improve quality of life?
A: By investing in roads, bridges, public transportation, and utilities.
255
Q: Why are taxes important?
A: They fund social programs and maintain public services.
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Q: What challenges are associated with taxation?
A: Balancing tax rates to ensure funding without overburdening taxpayers.
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Q: What challenges do social programs face?
A: Ensuring they are efficient, effective, and accessible.
