social movements in the internet age

Question 1

What is a reform movement?

Answer 1

A movement that seeks to change something specific about the social structure.

Example: Movements focused on civil rights or environmental issues.

Question 2

What is a revolutionary movement?

Answer 2

A movement that seeks to completely change every aspect of society.

Example: Movements that aim to overthrow a government.

Question 3

What is a redemptive movement?

Answer 3

A ‘meaning-seeking’ movement that aims to provoke inner change or spiritual growth in individuals.

Example: Religious or spiritual revival movements.

Question 4

What defines a local social movement?

Answer 4

A movement that operates within a specific community or city, addressing issues relevant to that area.

Example: Winnipeg Boldness Project.

Question 5

What is an example of a national social movement?

Answer 5

Idle No More.

This movement addresses indigenous rights and environmental issues in Canada.

Question 6

What characterizes a regional social movement?

Answer 6

A movement that extends across multiple countries within a particular region.

Example: The Arab Spring.

Question 7

What is a global social movement?

Answer 7

A movement that transcends national boundaries and addresses global issues.

Example: Anti-Globalization Movement.

Question 8

What is vertical communication?

Answer 8

A hierarchical, centralized structure where information flows from higher levels to lower levels.

Example: Communication from media companies to audiences.

Question 9

What is horizontal communication?

Answer 9

A decentralized structure that allows for information flow between individuals or groups at the same level.

Example: Social media interactions among users.

Question 10

Is the internet an example of vertical or horizontal communication?

Answer 10

Horizontal communication.

The internet facilitates direct interactions among users rather than a top-down flow.

Question 11

What are digital evangelists?

Answer 11

Individuals who advocate for the use of digital technology to enhance social movements.

They often emphasize the positive impact of technology on activism.

Question 12

What are cyber-skeptics?

Answer 12

Individuals who are critical of the role of digital technology in social movements.

They may argue that online activism lacks real-world impact.

Question 13

What was the Arab Spring?

Answer 13

A series of anti-government protests and uprisings in the Arab world that began in 2010.

It was significantly influenced by social media and online activism.

Question 14

What is revolution as a heroic process?

Answer 14

An organized movement of the oppressed, pursuing social justice and emancipation.

Example: “Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains!” from The Communist Manifesto (1848)

Question 15

What is revolution as a chaotic process?

Answer 15

An eruption of popular anger that leads to uncontrolled chaos, violence, and destruction, often harming even the revolutionaries.

Example: “Like Saturn, the Revolution devours its children.” – Jacques Mallet du Pan

Question 16

How does Wilbert Moore define revolution?

Answer 16

A form of change that involves violence, engages a large portion of the population, and produces a transformation of the overall structure of government.

Question 17

What is John Dunn’s definition of revolution?

Answer 17

A form of change that is massive, violent, and rapid.

Question 18

How does Samuel Huntington define revolution?

Answer 18

Rapid, fundamental, and violent domestic change in the dominant values and myths of a society, its political institutions, social structure, leadership, and government activity and policies.

Question 19

What is the provisional conceptualization of revolutions according to Jack A. Goldstone?

Answer 19

Revolution is the forcible overthrow of a government through mass mobilization in the name of social justice, to create new political institutions.

Question 20

What are social revolutions according to Theda Skocpol?

Answer 20

Rapid, basic transformations of a society’s state and class structures, accompanied by class-based revolts from below.

Question 21

What are political revolutions as defined by Theda Skocpol?

Answer 21

The transformation of state structures without any corresponding transformation of class or social structures.

Question 22

What are rebellions according to Theda Skocpol?

Answer 22

When subordinate social classes revolt but no fundamental structural change in society or politics occurs.

Question 23

What is a key aspect of revolution?

Answer 23

Observed mass mobilization and institutional change, driven by a vision of social justice.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Revolution is the forcible overthrow of a government through _______ in the name of social justice.

Answer 24

mass mobilization

Question 25

True or False: The Arab Spring can be considered a series of revolutions.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What type of revolutions are associated with the Arab Spring?

Answer 26

The types are not specified in the content, further analysis is needed.

Question 27

What is globalization?

Answer 27

A highly contested concept with various approaches to its conceptualization ## Footnote Globalization is examined from the perspective of International Political Economy, focusing on political power and economic forces.

Question 28

When did the field of International Political Economy emerge?

Answer 28

In the 1960s ## Footnote It studies the interplay between political power and economic forces at national and international levels.

Question 29

What economic theory emphasizes that trade generates wealth and promotes exports?

Answer 29

Mercantilism ## Footnote It holds that governments should restrict imports to maximize national wealth.

Question 30

Who is associated with the quote about the 'invisible hand of the market'?

Answer 30

Adam Smith ## Footnote This concept suggests that individuals pursuing their own interests inadvertently promote public interest.

Question 31

What does Adam Smith argue leads to universal opulence in a well-governed society?

Answer 31

The great multiplication of the productions through the division of labour ## Footnote This concept underscores the benefits of specialization in economic productivity.

Question 32

What economic theory did David Ricardo contribute to?

Answer 32

Comparative Advantage ## Footnote This theory posits that countries should specialize in producing goods where they have a lower opportunity cost.

Question 33

What does Keynesianism advocate for in economic policy?

Answer 33

Active government intervention to manage economic cycles ## Footnote This theory contrasts with neoliberal perspectives which advocate for minimal state involvement.

Question 34

What do neoliberal economic theories advocate for?

Answer 34

A largely unregulated capitalist system or free market economy ## Footnote Neoliberalism emphasizes individual choice and limited state intervention.

Question 35

What role does the state play in a neoliberal economic framework?

Answer 35

Very limited ## Footnote The state primarily defines property rights, enforces contracts, and regulates the money supply.

Question 36

What is viewed with suspicion in neoliberalism?

Answer 36

State intervention to correct market failures ## Footnote It is believed that such interventions may create more problems than they solve.

Question 37

What does TINA stand for in the context of neoliberalism?

Answer 37

There Is No Alternative ## Footnote This phrase is often used to suggest that neoliberal policies are the only viable economic approach.

Question 38

What historical event is associated with the Chicago Boys in the context of neoliberalism?

Answer 38

The September 11, 1973 coup against Salvador Allende ## Footnote This event marked a significant shift towards neoliberal policies in Chile.

Question 39

What is the central question of the short essay assignment?

Answer 39

Whether the probable implementation of tariffs by Donald Trump indicates a crisis of globalization ## Footnote The essay requires a clear definition of globalization and historical context for the tariffs.

Question 40

What is the required length of the short essay?

Answer 40

1500 words, excluding the bibliography ## Footnote The essay must adhere to specified formatting guidelines.

Question 41

What citation styles are acceptable for the essay?

Answer 41

MLA, Chicago, or APSA ## Footnote Students must include a bibliography and follow academic integrity guidelines.

Question 42

What should the cover page of the essay include?

Answer 42

Title, student's name, course number and name, instructor name, and assignment due date ## Footnote This is essential for proper identification of the assignment.

Question 43

What is a ‘World Order’?

Answer 43

A framework for understanding the organization and governance of global politics among nation-states.

Question 44

What is Global Politics?

Answer 44

The study of political relationships and power dynamics on a global scale.

Question 45

What are ‘International Orders’?

Answer 45

Systems of governance and norms that regulate interactions among states in the international system.

Question 46

What are the main features of the Modern International Order?

Answer 46

* Regularized practices of exchange among nation-states * Increasing global interdependence * International hierarchy of power

Question 47

Can the Modern International Order be periodized?

Answer 47

Yes, it can be categorized into different phases such as the Bi-Polar and Unipolar World Orders.

Question 48

What characterizes the Bi-Polar World Order?

Answer 48

A division of global power primarily between two superpowers, historically the US and the Soviet Union.

Question 49

What characterizes the Unipolar World Order?

Answer 49

A global structure dominated by a single superpower, particularly after the Cold War.

Question 50

What event marked the crisis and collapse of the Soviet Union?

Answer 50

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Question 51

What is a significant impact of the US on the Global South?

Answer 51

Increasing vulnerability of the Global South to US influence and policy.

Question 52

What are some main features of the American-led approach in the Global South?

Answer 52

* Expansion of US military power (e.g., NATO expansion) * Weakening of international organizations (e.g., Gulf War) * Neo-liberal offensive

Question 53

What does the phrase 'Towards a Multipolar World Order?' imply?

Answer 53

A potential shift in global power dynamics away from a single dominant superpower.

Question 54

What does Antonio Gramsci mean by 'the old is dying and the new cannot be born'?

Answer 54

A reflection on the transitional period in world order where old structures fail and new ones have yet to emerge.

Question 55

What is the crisis of World Order and Militarization of Global Politics?

Answer 55

A situation where traditional power structures are challenged, leading to increased military focus in international relations.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: The crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this ______, a great variety of morbid symptoms appear.

Answer 56

interregnum